261361 

Y8s 


The  Student  Associations 
in  War  and 
Reconstruction  Y ears 


A Report 

of  the  Student  Department  of  the 
International  Committee  of  Young  Men’s 
Christian  Associations  for  the 
Years  1916-1919 

*8 


PRESENTED  TO  THE  STUDENT  SECTION 
OF  THE  FORTIETH  INTERNATIONAL  CONVENTION 
DETROIT,  MICH.,  NOV.  19-23,  1919 


ft 


2. 6 7.  3 6 / 

yss 


THE  STUDENT  ASSOCIATIONS  IN  WAR 
AND  RECONSTRUCTION  YEARS 

The  chief  need  of  a nation  in  days  of  reconstruction  is 
leadership.  America  learned  that  once.  It  has  been  suggested 
that  the  oft-repeated  exclamation  “If  Lincoln  had  only  lived” 
tells  us  our  present  urgent  task.  Leaders  must  be  raised  up 
of  integrity  and  power  to  meet  the  previously  unimagined  de- 
mands of  the  New  Day.  Many  of  these  potential  leaders  are 
today  in  the  colleges.  We  shall  do  them  and  the  great  causes 
needing  support  a disservice  by  minimizing  the  gravity  of 
the  load  that  they  must  carry.  As  General  Smuts  has  said, 
“The  greatest  hurricane  in  history  is  raging  over  the  world, 
and  it  is  idle  to  expect  that  we  shall  be  able  to  shelter  our- 
selves from  its  effects.”  How  shall  the  Christian  Movement 
among  American  students  prove  itself  worthy  of  its  own  past 
and  of  immeasurably  greater  opportunities  just  before  it? 

Let  us  note  briefly  some  features  of  the  present  situation  in 
which  the  college  Associations  must  work. 

1.  There  is  a larger  student  enrolment  than  in  any  past 
year.  This  seems  true  of  every  type  of  institution,  in  every 
section  of  the  continent.  It  will  require  a larger  and  more 
vital  spiritual  movement  to  do  a work  of  as  great  propor- 
tionate  efficiency  as  before  the  War. 

2.  Colleges  and  universities  have  never  stood  so  well  in 
popular  estimation.  The  development  of  science  in  the  War, 
as  well  as  the  remarkable  leadership  of  students  in  the  armies 
and  navies,  creates  an  atmosphere  of  great  expectations.  Pre- 
war ideals  of  service  to  the  Church  and  State  will  not  satisfy 
these  expectations. 

3.  Among  students  themselves  there  is  frequently  found  a 
reaction  from  the  idealism  of  war  days.  In  some  cases  this 
shows  itself  in  moral  standards  far  lower  than  those  of  other 
days. 


3 


The  discipline  and  enforced  unity  in  a nation  at  war  show 
unfortunate  results  as  the  pendulum  swings  back  again. 

4.  Students  tend  to  drift  toward  their  life  callings.  They 
feel  they  have  “given  one  life,”  as  one  of  them  recently 
wrote,  and  now  must  have  time  to  orient  themselves.  In 
certain  instances  there  is  an  unmistakable  tendency  to  feel 
that  their  sacrifices  in  the  War  justify  their  future  exemption 
from  careers  which  involve  voluntary  poverty  and  sacrificial 
service. 

5.  There  is  among  many  a keen  interest  in  social  questions 
and  a determination  to  recognize  no  tradition  or  convention 
which  stands  in  the  way  of  a thorough-going  reorganization 
of  society  according  to  principles  of  justice  and  brotherhood. 
With  these  men  there  is  a growing  impatience  with  palliatives 
or  halfway  measures.  So  far  reports  do  not  reveal  the  pres- 
ence of  extreme  radical  groups,  except  in  a few  instances. 

6.  As  one  studies  the  students  of  today,  one  sees  the 
results  of  strenuous  years  of  action  with  little  time  or  concern 
for  reflection.  The  detached  and  philosophic  view  of  life, 
which  many  associate  with  university  life,  characterizes  fewer 
men  than  formerly.  The  Freshmen  have  spent  their  entire 
school  period  in  a world  of  war.  It  is  far  easier  to  interest 
men  in  religious  activities  than  in  study  of  religious  truth. 
This  is  probably  not  so  true  in  Canada  or  in  the  other  nations 
which  were  longer  in  the  struggle.  There  men  were  driven  by 
sheer  tedium  of  action  back  within  themselves,  and,  we  are 
led  to  believe,  more  often  to  God. 

In  such  a setting  the  Student  Associations  must  find  a place 
for  themselves.  We  must  look  backward  as  well  as  forward 
if  we  shall  fully  realize  our  ministry  and  mission.  It  is 
timely  exercise  to  scrutinize  the  best  traditions  and  lessons 
of  experience,  to  take  account  of  stock  of  approved  princi- 
ples and  methods.  This  report,  while  dealing  chiefly  with  the 
period  since  the  Cleveland  Convention  (1916),  will  also  sum- 
marize certain  earlier  experience  and  forecast,  in  a tentative 
way,  certain  lines  of  profitable  policy,  in  so  far  as  they  have 
commended  themselves  to  groups  in  different  sections  with 
whom  conference  has  been  held. 


A 


Before  the  War 


When  the  last  International  Convention  met  at  Cleveland 
in  1916,  the  War  was  already  stirring  and  challenging  Ameri- 
can students.  The  great  sacrifices  which  Canada  had  already 
made  helped  to  bring  the  struggle  close  home.  In  the  fall  of 
that  year  word  was  brought  back  of  the  terrible  hardships 
endured  by  the  thousands  of  students  held  in  the  prison  camps 
of  Europe.  The  opportunity  to  minister  to  them  through  the 
rapidly  growing  work  of  the  Red  Triangle  was  shown  to 
American  students  and  the  sum  of  $182,000  contributed  for 
this  work.  Our  entrance  into  the  War  in  the  following  April 
immediately  and  profoundly  affected  the  colleges,  as  students 
withdrew  from  the  quiet  of  study  to  take  part  either  in  the 
fighting  forces  of  the  Allies  or  in  the  Red  Cross,  Y.  M.  C.  A., 
or  some  other  branch  of  welfare  work.  The  summer  con- 
ferences that  year  were  greatly  handicapped  by  the  fact  that  so 
many  colleges  closed  early  in  order  that*  students  might  go  out 
for  summer  work  on  the  farms  and  in  the  factories.  It  was  a 
time  to  be  grateful  for  the  traditions,  the  momentum,  and  the 
spiritual  power  of  the  Student  Associations  accumulated  dur- 
ing years  of  experience. 

In  spite  of  confusion  and  depleted  leadership,  two  great 
events  of  that  year  served  to  make  the  year  memorable.  The 
first  was  the  campaign  started  by  student  leaders,  while  holding 
a training  conference  at  Niagara  Falls,  to  raise  $1,000,000 
from  the  students  of  the  United  States  for  the  relief  of  stu- 
dents and  others  in  the  prison  camps  of  Europe  and  Asia, 
and  also  in  order  that  it  might  be  possible  to  help  other  stu- 
dents, especially  those  related  to  the  World’s  Student  Chris- 
tian Federation,  who  might  be  suffering  from  war  conditions. 
From  every  human  point  of  view  it  was  an  impossible  goal. 
Yet  it  is  doubtful  if  any  movement  ever  swept  across  the  col- 
leges of  the  United  States  so  quickly  and  in  such  a remark- 
able manner,  challenging  the  attention  of  professors  and  stu- 
dents alike.  In  thirty  days  more  than  a million  dollars  had  been 
pledged  and  during  succeeding  months  $1,295,098.75  was  paid. 
It  is  said  that  this  was  equivalent  to  about  $6  each  for  every 
student  and  professor  in  the  colleges  which  contributed. 


5 


The  second  great  event  was  the  holding  during  the  Christ- 
mas vacation  of  a conference  at  Northfield  of  about  800  stu- 
dent leaders  from  the  United  States  and  Canada  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Student  Volunteer  Movement.  This  con- 
ference was  pervaded  by  a spirit  of  earnestness  and  of  most 
careful  consideration  of  the  responsibilities  of  American  stu- 
dents for  ministry  to  the  needs  of  the  world.  A plan  was 
evolved,  which  secured  the  enthusiastic  support  of  the  entire 
conference,  to  train  students  in  international  thinking  and  to 
challenge  them  to  give  their  lives  to  world  service.  The  fol- 
lowing points  were  agreed  upon  in  a remarkable  campaign 
which  that,  year  spread  across  the  United  States  and  Canada. 

1.  Two  hundred  thousand  students  enlisted  in  study  and 
discussion  of  Christian  principles  based  on : 

a.  The  life  and  teaching  of  Jesus  Christ. 

b.  The  need  of  these  principles  in  the  world  today. 

c.  The  need  of  these  principles  in  the  inter-racial  and 
social  life  of  North  America. 

2.  A call  to  decision  for  Christ  and  His  service  at  whatever 
cost — on  the  campus,  in  the  nation,  in  the  world. 

3.  An  adequate  number  of  qualified  men  and  women  en- 
listed for  the  foreign  missionary  program  of  the  Church. 

4.  One-half  million  dollars  for  the  foreign  missionary  pro- 
gram of  the  Church,  and  such  funds  as  might  be  necessary  to 
meet  the  need  arising  from  the  war  situation  in  1918-1919. 

As  was  realized  at  the  time,  several  features  of  this  pro- 
gram were  too  exacting  to  be  thoroughly  completed  during 
any  one  year.  Foundations  were  laid,  however,  for  missionary 
education  and  for  missionary  giving  which  will  forever  make 
impossible  a return  to  anything  like  the  provincialism  and 
meager  generosity  of  pre-war  days. 

The  Student  Army  Training  Corps 

When  the  colleges  opened  in  the  autumn  of  1917,  they  be- 
came a unique  experiment  in  American  education,  the  Stu- 
dent Army  Training  Corps.  The  Commissioner  of  Education, 
as  well  as  the  leaders  of  the  War  Department,  realized  dur- 
ing the  summer  that  the  colleges  were  in  danger  of  collapse 


6 


unless  some  radical  step  was  taken  to  preserve  in  the  life 
of  the  nation  these  institutions  of  higher  education.  The  stu- 
dent class  responded  more  quickly  than  any  other  class  to 
the  call  of  the  nation,  where  they  thought  they  could  render 
the  higher  service.  It  is  said  that  eighty-five  per  cent  of  the 
first  officers’  training  camps  were  made  up  of  college  men 
or  those  who  had  recently  graduated.  To  guarantee  sufficient 
trained  leaders  for  the  future  as  well  as  during  the  period 
of  the  war,  the  plan  was  evolved  of  putting  the  colleges  and 
universities  on  a war  footing.  Practically  every  college, 
through  the  S.A.T.C.,  was  turned  into  a training  camp  and 
revolutionary  adjustments  made  in  curriculum  and  method 
of  teaching.  The  colleges  were  therefore  once  more  filled 
with  students. 

Fortunately,  just  before  the  opening  dates  of  the  colleges 
a conference  had  been  called  at  Northwestern  University  of 
student  secretaries  from  different  parts  of  the  continent. 
While  this  conference  was  still  in  session,  a representative  of 
the  Student  Department  conferred  with  the  National  War 
Work  Council  concerning  the  most  effective  way  of  working 
with  the  soldiers  in  the  colleges.  As  a consequence  the  entire 
organization  of  the  Student  Department  was  placed  at  the 
disposal  of  the  National  War  Work  Council.  It  was  not 
difficult  to  make  the  field  divisions  as  existing  in  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Student  Department  coterminous  with  the  mili- 
tary departments  which  were  the  units  of  organization  for 
the  regular  Y.  M.  C.  A.  work  in  the  Army.  In  most  cases 
the  Student  work  under  the  state  committees  was  integrated 
with  this  plan  of  organization.  In  this  way  within  a very  few 
days  after  the  colleges  opened,  and  in  many  cases  even  before 
the  colleges  opened,  the  Association  was  on  the  field  with  sec- 
retaries, equipment,  and  a definite  program  for  the  service  of 
this  branch  of  the  Army. 

During  the  period  that  secretaries  of  the  War  Work  Coun- 
cil served  in  this  college  field,  the  number  was  approximately 
three  times  as  large  as  the  former  secretaries’  list.  In  several 
places  also  huts  were  built  by  the  War  Work  Council  and 
these  have  since  been  taken  over  in  most  cases  by  the  local 
Associations.  Too  high  praise  cannot  be  given  for  the  way 


1 


this  new  form  of  army  work  was  welcomed  and  cooperated 
in  by  the  committees  and  executive  secretaries  in  charge  of 
the  different  Departments  and  Bureaus  of  the  War  Work 

Council. 

A special  Student  Division  of  the  United  War  Work  Cam- 
paign was  organized  to  integrate  the  third  war  fund  of  the 
Student  Associations  with  the  larger  fund.  A total  of  $2,- 
300,000  was  paid  by  students. 

In  retrospect,  several  conclusions  may  be  drawn  from  this 
S.A.T.C.  experience: 

1.  In  spite  of  confusion  and  very  great  difficulty,  the  Stu- 
dent Association  work  did  not  collapse  but  actually  went  for- 
ward. It  was  extremely  difficult,  of  course,  to  secure  ade- 
quate student  leadership.  No  sooner  were  students  trained 
for  Christian  work  than  they  were  sent  away  for  military 
service.  This  very  serious  situation  was,  however,  partly  met 
in  the  following  ways : 

a.  An  increased  number  of  employed  secretaries.  Through 
the  financial  cooperation  of  the  War  Work  Council,  secretaries 
were  placed  in  most  colleges  of  250  students  or  more. 

b.  Many  conferences  for  training  held  in  different  depart- 
ments. Fully  twice  as  many  professors  and  new  secretaries 
were  brought  together  for  training  conferences  as  in  any 
previous  year.  The  officers’  training  conferences,  which  are 
usually  held  in  the  spring,  were  also  held  in  the  spring  of  1919. 
in  fact,  a larger  number  than  ever  before. 

c.  Many  professors  who  at  other  times  have  not  been  in 
active  fellowship  with  the  Christian  Association  work  saw 
the  opportunity  for  service  at  this  time  and  gave  most  effec- 
tive help.  Certain  others  who  had  always  been  friends  of  the 
work  were  able  to  give  practically  all  of  their  time  during  the 
S.  A.  T.  C.  period. 

d.  Seven  of  the  nine  summer  conferences  were  held.  Eagles 
Mere  united  with  Northfield  and  the  Estes  Park  conference 
united  with  Lake  Geneva  and  Hollister. 

e.  A wide  use  was  made  of  literature.  Many  thousand  copies 
of  pamphlets  and  books  were  issued  by  the  War  Work 
Council  for  general  circulation  among  student  soldiers,  which 
before  the  War  had  been  produced  by  the  Student  Department. 


8 


2.  New  evidence  was  given  of  the  opportunity  the  Student 
Department  has  to  help  the  whole  Association  Movement  in 
this  and  other  lands.  As  we  review  the  wonderful  service 
which  the  whole  Association  Movement  has  been  able  to  render 
to  needy  men  in  the  armies  during  the  past  three  years,  we 
realize  with  humble  thanksgiving  the  way  in  which  former  lead- 
ers of  the  Student  Department  have  been  able  to  serve. 

For  example,  E.  C.  Carter  of  Harvard,  formerly  executive 
secretary  of  the  Student  Department,  and  D’ri  Davis  of  Syra- 
cuse University  have  had  positions  of  leadership  in  the  work 
in  France.  The  work  in  England  has  been  in  charge  of 
“Buck”  Ewing,  formerly  secretary  at  the  University  of  Ne- 
braska; and  associated  with  him  have  been  such  men  as  Ray 
Legate  of  the  University  of  Mississippi,  Lewis  Dunn,  former 
student  secretary  of  New  Hampshire,  and  Arthur  Newell, 
formerly  secretary  at  Brown  University.  In  Mesopotamia 
the  work  has  been  in  charge  of  Howard  Beaver,  formerly 
State  Student  Secretary  of  Missouri;  in  Italy,  Charles  D. 
Hurrey  has  been  closely  related  to  President  Nollen  of  Lake 
Forest  College;  in  Russia,  the  work  is  under  the  supervision 
of  E.  T.  Colton,  the  former  student  secretary,  and  most  of 
the  secretaries  related  to  him  were  formerly  in  student  work; 
in  India,  Frank  V.  Slack,  who  was  formerly  secretary  for  the 
Middle  Atlantic  states,  has  been  in  charge  of  the  work.  One 
of  the  most  romantic  pieces  of  work  during  the  entire  War 
was  the  service  in  Germany  for  Allied  prisoners  in  charge  of 
Conrad  Hoffman  of  Kansas  University.  Mention  should  be 
made  of  the  remarkable  work  of  sex  education,  led  by  Dr. 
Max  J.  Exner,  the  leadership  of  the  Religious  Work  Bureau 
under  Robert  P.  Wilder,  and  the  work  in  cooperation  with 
the  War  Time  Commission  of  the  Federal  Council  of 
Churches,  in  recruiting  for  the  Christian  ministry,  which  was 
led  by  George  Irving,  formerly  National  Secretary  of  Canada 
and  editor  of  the  North  American  Student.  No  one  will  for- 
get, of  course,  that  Dr.  Mott  himself,  the  General  Secretary 
of  the  National  War  Work  Council,  and  his  associate,  Fletcher 
Brockman,  have  until  recent  years  been  constantly  active  in 
leadership  in  the  student  work.  These  are  only  a few  of  the 
names  which  might  be  mentioned.  One  is  bound  to  ask  who 


9 


would  have  carried  forward  these  great  movements  in  this  criti- 
cal time  except  for  the  training  and  inspiration  given  to  student 
leaders  by  this  Student  Christian  Movement  during  the  forty- 
three  years  since  its  inception. 

3.  It  is  not  a mark  of  pessimism  to  recognize  certain  dangers 
which  must  now  be  faced  as  a consequence  of  the  war  expe- 
rience. The  first  step  toward  victory  is  frankly  to  recognize 
the  strength  of  the  enemy. 

Former  traditions  have  lost  their  potency.  In  nearly  all  the 
leading  colleges  and  universities  there  have  accumulated  dur- 
ing the  past  years  many  priceless  precedents  and  traditions. 
As  a new  generation  of  untrained  student  leaders,  and  in  many 
cases  new  secretaries,  takes  up  the  leadership  of  the  local 
Association  work,  there  is  danger  that  these  traditions  will 
not  be  maintained. 

The  fundamental  principle  of  Student  Association  work 
has  been  ‘‘work  with  students’’;  during  the  war  period  a 
different  principle  often  prevailed , namely , uwork  for 
students All  the  forces  of  the  Student  Movement  must 
rally  to  bring  back  again  into  the  colleges  the  spontaneous, 
voluntary  Christian  Movement  with  all  possible  initiative  and 
control  in  the  hands  of  students  themselves.  The  Student  Asso- 
ciation Movement  has  never  been  a movement  of  older  people 
to  do  students  good;  it  would  thus  have  been  comparatively 
powerless.  It  has  been  as  it  must  be  in  the  future,  an  uprising 
of  students  themselves. 

The  danger  of  what  has  been  called  “ secretarialization ” 
' must  be  recognized.  The  good  work  done  by  the  greatly  en- 
larged number  of  student  secretaries  during  the  S.A.T.C.  pe- 
riod has  proved  to  many  faculty  members  and  advisory  com- 
mittees the  value  of  an  employed  secretary.  Nevertheless, 
some  of  these  men  did  not  appreciate  the  necessity  for  democ- 
racy and  student  leadership.  Good  as  many  of  the  things  are 
which  have  been  done  for  students  during  this  period,  it  must 
be  recognized  that  we  should  be  courting  failure  if  for  the 
days  ahead  there  was  not  a clear  recognition  in  every  Associa- 
tion that  one  thing  in  student  work  is  absolutely  essential, 
namely,  that  individual  students  should  be  banded  together 


10 


into  groups  and  on  their  shoulders  placed  the  burden  of  leading 
individual  men  to  know  Jesus  Christ,  of  making  the  college  a 
Christian  place,  and  of  giving  their  lives  to  Christian  service. 

The  Field 

The  field  of  the  Student  Young  Men’s  Christian  Associa- 
tion comprises  the  institutions  of  higher  learning,  and  the  pri- 
vate preparatory  schools  in  the  United  States,  excepting  only 
those  controlled  by  private  individuals  or  religious  bodies 
unfavorable  to  such  a Protestant  Christian  organization. 
These  institutions  are  divided  by  the  Federal  Bureau  of  Edu- 
cation into  (1)  colleges,  universities,  and  technological 
schools;  (2)  professional  schools;  (3)  normal  schools;  (4) 
private  preparatory  schools.  The  number  of  men  students  and 
number  of  institutions  are  divided  among  the  so-called  fields  of 
the  Student  Department  as  shown  on  page  50. 


The  Unoccupied  Field 

The  unprecedented  increase  in  the  enrolment  of  many  col- 
leges and  universities  this  fall,  especially  those  which  had 
already  been  numbered  among  the  largest  in  the  country,  pre- 
sents new  problems  to  the  Associations  in  those  centers.  The 
unoccupied  sectors,  already  too  large,  in  those  student  bodies 
will  be  even  greater  unless  these  Associations  are  able  so  to 
develop  their  organization  and  keep  it  pulsating  with  spiritual 
power  that  the  whole  student  body  is  brought  within  its  influ- 
ence. While  no  less  emphasis  than  formerly  should  be  placed 
upon  intensive  cultivation  of  groups  of  student  leaders  at  the 
center  of  the  Association,  ways  must  be  found  directly  and  in 
cooperation  with  the  churches  to  present  a program  adequate 
to  the  needs  of  the  entire  field. 

There  is  an  equally  urgent  need  to  occupy  those  institutions 
entirely  untouched  as  yet  by  the  Associations. 

1.  Of  the  colleges,  universities,  and  technological  schools, 
fifty-five,  or  fourteen  per  cent,  are  at  present  without  Associa- 
tions. In  some  of  these  the  Association  has  been  unwelcome ; 
most  of  them  are  small ; nevertheless  we  believe  that  the  obsta- 


11 


cles  are  not  unsurmountable,  and  that  we  may  look  forward  to 
the  day  when  every  college  within  the  field  of  the  Association 
will  be  a part  of  this  national  and  world-wide  Student  Chris- 
tian Movement. 

2.  Of  the  professional  schools  110,  or  sixty-five  per  cent,  are 
unoccupied.  Most  of  these  schools  are  schools  of  law,  medi- 
cine, dentistry,  or  pharmacy  located  in  large  cities  and  with- 
out dormitories  or  cohesive  college  life.  The  fact  remains, 
however,  that  these  schools  are  sending  out  thousands  of  men 
into  professions  which  require  high  ethical  standards  and 
which  present  boundless  opportunities  for  social  service.  The 
present  moment  is  one  in  which  religious  values  are  recog- 
nized by  educational  leaders  as  never  before.  Therefore,  it  is 
a time  when  the  Association  should  enter  the  doors  open  to 
it  and  take  to  these  professional  students  the  best  that  it  has. 

3.  Of  the  normal  schools  forty-three,  or  thirty-seven  per 
cent,  are  not  occupied.  This  is  due  almost  entirely  to  the  small 
number  of  men  in  these  institutions.  It  is  well  at  this  time, 
however,  to  carefully  inquire  and  make  sure  that,  wherever 
the  enrolment  of  men  warrants,  the  Association  enters. 

4.  Of  the  private  preparatory  schools  237,  or  fifty-nine  per 
cent,  are  unoccupied.  The  statistics  for  the  past  few  years 
show  unmistakably  that  this  field  is  growing  in  importance 
rather  than  the  contrary.  Both  the  number  of  schools  and  the 
enrolment  of  students  have  risen  rapidly,  mostly  in  the  East 
and  South.  This  field  calls  for  more  serious  consideration  and 
a larger  place  in  the  plans  of  the  Student  Movement  than  has 
hitherto  been  accorded  to  it.  It  offers  not  only  an  opportunity 
for  service,  but  also  a rare  opportunity  for  raising  up  future 
leaders  for  the  Associations  in  the  colleges  and  professional 
schools. 

The  Central  Task 

The  one  central  task  of  the  Student  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association  is  to  lead  students  to  know  and  follow  Jesus  Christ 
as  Saviour  and  Lord.  As  an  inevitable  consequence  of  this, 
these  students  will  be  led  to  make  the  moral  and  religious 


12 


atmosphere  of  the  college  campus  conducive  to  vital  Chris- 
tianity; and  they  also  will  go  out  from  these  institutions  of 
higher  education  for  life  service  in  the  Kingdom.  The  sim- 
plicity and  power  of  that  central  objective  needs  constant  re- 
iteration and  emphasis.  War  has  taught  us  the  new  signi- 
ficance of  the  word  “objective.”  It  is  the  one  point  toward 
which  the  operations  of  an  army  are  directed.  The  Stu- 
dent Associations  have  such  an  objective,  which  should  not  be 
confused  with  means  and  methods  of  reaching  that  objective, 
or  with  results  that  follow  from  having  reached  it.  There 
is  almost  an  endless  number  of  good  things  that  can  be  done 
in  the  college,  done  with  college  students  and  for  college 
students.  The  Student  Association  does  not  attempt  to  do  all 
of  these  good  things.  Indeed,  it  may  be  put  down  as  a safe 
rule  that  the  Association  attempts  nothing  that  cannot  at  any 
moment  be  shown  to  be  contributory  to  the  one  central  objec- 
tive. Similarly,  many  good  results  flow  out  from  the  Associa- 
tion’s work.  It  would  be  a great  mistake,  however,  to  think  of 
these  good  results  as  ends  in  themselves.  Their  permanency 
and  power  depend  upon  the  Association’s  guiding  all  its  work 
by  the  one  great  simple  regulative  principle  suggested  by  its 
objective. 

At  a time  like  this  we  need  to  take  both  a backward  look  and 
a forward  look.  As  we  learn  the  best  lessons  of  the  past, 
there  will  be  no  hesitation  in  declaring  that  the  greatest  task 
before  the  Movement  at  this  hour  is  to  raise  up  in  every  col- 
lege a group  of  students  who,  with  dedicated  heart  and  soul, 
would  say  with  Paul,  “This  one  thing  I do.”  Elsewhere  lies 
confusion,  superficiality,  and  defeat. 

Distinctive  Principles 

Certain  fundamental  and  distinctive  principles  which  have 
in  the  past  characterized  the  unique  contribution  of  the  Asso- 
ciation should  be  preserved  in  every  organization.  Stated  as 
aims,  these  are: 

a.  To  bring  every  student  to  face  for  his  character  and  his 
career  the  full  claims  of  Jesus  Christ  as  Saviour  and  Lord. 

b.  To  assist  in  developing  the  loyalty  of  students  to  the 
Church  by  urging  them  to  join  the  local  church  of  their  prefer- 


13 


ence  and  to  participate  regularly  in  service,  and  worship. 

c.  To  unite  men  in  creating  a college  consciousness  favorable 
to  a vital  and  reasonable  faith. 

d.  To  recognize  and  utilize  this  college  consciousness  lu 
religion  in  a way  not  unlike  its  utilization  in  social  life,  athlet- 
ics, and  other  activities. 

e.  To  offer  the  fullest  possible  opportunities  tor  the  expres- 
sion of  undergraduate  initiative  and  control. 

f.  fo  make  possible  in  the  most  effective  manner  the  influ- 
ence of  all  Christian  students  on  all  tne  non-Christian  and 
indifferent  students. 

g.  To  afford  a natural  meeting-place  for  all  Christian  fac- 
ulty men  of  the  college  for  religious  work  with  all  the  stu- 
dents. 

h.  To  reach  most  naturally  and  vitally  our  friends  who 
come  as  students  from  other  lands. 

i.  To  afford  the  benefits  which  come  from  organic  union 
with  similar  bodies  of  students  in  other  colleges  throughout 
the  country  and  with  the  World's  Student  Christian  Federa- 
tion. 

j.  To  represent  a thoroughly  interdenominational  spirit, 
and  to  train  men  of  all  denominations  to  work  together. 

k.  To  maintain  the  help  of  influential  Christian  alumni, 
members  of  the  Church  of  Christ,  through  an  advisory 
board  responsible  to  the  students  and  loyal  to  the  entire  objec- 
tive of  the  Association. 

l.  To  inspire  men  to  give  up  their  whole  lives  to  the  propa- 
gation of  the  spirit  of  Jesus  Christ  in  the  solution  of  social 
problems  and  in  the  evangelization  of  the  world. 

m.  To  afford  to  Christian  students  the  training  given  by 
summer  conferences  and  other  gatherings  held  each  year. 

Each  of  these  aims  is  an  integral  part  of  the  Association's 
objective,  and  cannot  be  omitted  without  seriously  impairing 
the  service  it  should  render  to  the  student  body. 

Evangelism 

To  lead  students  into  discipleship  with  the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ  is,  as  it  always  has  been,  the  central  purpose  of  the 


14 


Student  Association  Movement.  The  Student  Department’s 
program  of  evangelism  is  not  a line  of  activities ; it  is  a spirit. 
It  should  be  “peaceful  penetration”  of  everything  else  which 
the  Association  does.  Evangelism  should  be  the  objective  in 
every  Bible  study  class,  mission  and  social  study  class,  social 
service  activity,  religious  meeting,  and  personal  interview. 

interpreting  the  experience  of  the  past,  it  may  be  said  we 
stand  for  having  at  least  once  each  year  in  every  Association 
some  one  definite  time  when  evangelism  has  particular  stress. 
This  may  be  in  one  of  the  following  ways : 

a.  Personal  work.  This  is  the  constant  means  of  evangel- 
ism. In  the  history  of  the  Movement,  however,  it  seems  that 
this  has  needed  renewed  emphasis  in  each  generation.  That 
renewed  emphasis  is  needed  now.  Every  secretary  of  the 
Student  Association  Movement  should  be  a personal  worker. 
We  shall  continue  to  make  wide  use  of  Weatherford’s  “Intro- 
ducing Men  to  Christ,”  or  better,  his  revision  of  that  volume, 
“The  Christian  Life — A Normal  Experience”;  Trumbull’s 
“Individual  Work  for  Individuals,”  and  other  books. 

b.  Evangelistic  campaigns.  Certain  colleges  can  have  regu- 
lar evangelistic  campaigns  each  year;  certain  others  will  have 
campaigns  every  other  year  or  once  in  three  years.  The  De- 
partment stands  for  the  most  thorough  and  sustained  prepara- 
tion and  conservation  of  such  campaigns,  according  to  the 
standards  stated  in  the  Report  of  the  Commission  on  Evan- 
gelism to  the  Second  Cleveland  Conference. 

c.  Apologetic  campaign.  In  certain  colleges  the  best  plan 
may  be  a series  of  explanatory  and  defensive  statements  of 
the  Christian  faith  with  a view  to  training  workers  for  a 
wider  campaign  later. 

d.  Campaigns  of  social  emphasis. 

e.  Through  Bible  study  groups.  We  should  renew  our  for- 
mer expectation  that  every  Association  group  aims  to  lead 
men  to  decision. 

f.  Special  days  and  periods  when  all  the  forces  will  con- 
centrate upon  evangelistic  work;  e.g.,  Day  of  Prayer  for  Stu- 
dents, Holy  Week,  and  others. 

It  is  assumed  that  in  all  these  efforts  of  evangelism  every 
effort  will  be  made  to  cooperate  with  the  plans  of  the  differ- 


15 


ent  denominations,  especially  for  their  campaigns  in  denomi- 
national colleges  (see  Report  Commission  II.  Second  Cleve- 
land Conference). 

Are  we  not  summoned  this  year  to  a more  insistent  sound- 
ing in  every  possible  way  of  the  challenge  of  Christ?  The 
chaos  in  the  world  and  the  need  of  students  themselves  both 
alike  call  us.  Should  it  not  be  our  united  and  unswerving  aim 
to  win  the  leaders  of  each  and  every  Association  to  some  defi- 
nite, vigorous , carefully-planned,  fully-conserved,  evangelistic 
effort  this  college  year ? 

A.  J.  Elliott  is  chairman  of  the  committee  on  Evangelism 
of  the  Student  Department  staff. 

Bible  Study 

There  is  need  at  this  time  for  improvement  upon  the  pres- 
ent condition  of  Bible  study  work  in  the  colleges.  In  certain 
cases  the  leaders  have  been  confused  and  have  not  seen  dis- 
tinctly the  constant  necessity  of  personal  Bible  study.  While 
we  recognize  with  gratitude  the  fresh  experiments  which  have 
been  made  during  the  past  few  years,  and  especially  their  em- 
phasis upon  the  inter-relation  of  all  religious  education,  the 
time  is  come  for  an  effort  to  enlist  a large  number  of  students 
in  all-the-year  Bible  study.  Fortunately,  even  some  of  the 
mission  and  social  study  texts  are  arranged  with  this  in  mind. 

Let  us  take  advantage  of  the  remarkable  momentum  in 
training  group  leaders.  The  Student  Department  has  seldom 
struck  out  into  a new  line  of  work  so  significant  and  promis- 
ing. The  result  of  the  study  and  experiment  of  a decade  is 
a great  contribution  to  the  life  of  the  whole  Association  Move- 
ment. We  should  go  forward  vigorously  in  this  field,  aiming 
to  discover  and  train  at  least  one  professor  in  every  college 
who  is  able  to  train  and  inspire  Bible  group  leaders. 

The  past  few  years  have  seen  a tendency  to  make  college- 
wide campaigns  for  one  or  two  courses,  with  a consequent 
sacrificing  of  emphasis  upon  fully  graded  courses  for  each 
university,  and,  in  certain  cases,  with  fewer  groups  in  Sunday 
schools.  While  recognizing  the  values  in  this  tendency  we 
should  not  give  up  entirely  either  of  these  other  values  which 
often  can  be  preserved  with  the  unified  college-wide  program. 


16 


The  following  plans  for  the  current  year  have  grown  out  of 
several  recent  conferences : 

1.  That  the  central  emphasis  in  our  Bible  study  efforts  this  year 
shall  be  daily,  personal  study  of  the  Scriptures. 

2.  That  our  program  should  be  a united  approach  and  policy, 
including  the  Church  and  both  Christian  Associations. 

3.  That  we  strongly  favor  the  group  discussion  plan,  using,  gen- 
erally, students  as  leaders. 

4.  That  we  regard  it  as  imperative  that  all  student  leaders  be 
trained  in  a leader  training  class,  preferably  the  type  of  training  class 
outlined  in  “Training  an  Adequate  Leadership.,, 

5.  That  wherever  possible  the  Bible  study  program  and  leaders  be 
tied  up  with  the  Association  Friendship  Council  and  made  the  basic 
feature  in  this  form  of  organization. 

6.  That  every  possible  method  be  used  to  generate  within  our 
Student  Movement  leaders,  undergraduate  and  employed,  a deeper 
conviction  about  the  supreme  importance  of  Bible  study,  and  that  it 
be  given  major  place  in  our  work  this  year. 

7.  That  we  recommend  to  the  colleges  in  all  sections  a well-or- 
ganized big  advance  movement  in  Bible  study  this  college  year  that 
we  may  make  our  Bible  study  more  worth  while  and  enroll  three  or 
four  times  as  many  as  we  have  been  reaching. 

The  Missionary  Policy 

While  it  is  hard  to  evaluate  the  influence  of  the  War  upon 
certain  phases  of  Student  Association  work,  it  has  evidently 
stabbed  us  wide-awake  to  an  interest  in  international  affairs. 
It  was  not  difficult  to  see  the  connection  between  the  high  aims 
of  the  War  as  voiced  by  President  Wilson  and  the  purposes 
of  foreign  missions.  The  colleges  have  been  teeming  with 
world  interests.  Until  recently  at  least,  it  has  been  impossible 
to  get  among  students  sober  consideration  of  our  international 
obligations.  To  those  who  for  many  years  have  been  trying 
to  arouse  interest  in  such  things,  it  has  not  been  easy  to  realize 
that  a different  day  has  dawned.  One  of  the  severest  prob- 
lems has  been  to  link  up  this  newly  found  world-interest  with 
the  missionary  cause.  Missionary  study  has  made  unprece- 
dented records.  But  even  more  striking  in  certain  instances 
was  the  development  of  the  “Forum,”  which  Dr.  Charles  E. 
Jefferson  has  said  will  take  a place  with  the  Sunday  school 
and  prayer  meeting  in  our  religious  life.  Where  given  a thor- 
ough trial  the  Forum  interested  large  numbers  of  students  and 
produced  constructive  results. 


17 


Unquestionably  the  most  striking  single  development  of  wai 
days  was  the  interest  of  the  regular  Associations  in  the  over- 
seas work  of  the  Church  and  Association.  There  has  been 
less  entire  dependence  upon  the  Student  Volunteer  Movement 
for  the  enlarged  accomplishments  in  missionary  education.  The 
largest  number  of  any  year  were  in  study  groups.  More  men 
than  in  any  like  period  of  time  have  volunteered  for  mission- 
ary service.  Vastly  more  money  has  been  provided. 

The  Associations  were  never  more  heartily  back  of  the 
Student  Volunteer  Movement.  Its  providential  place  in  the 
life  of  the  Student  Movement  is  gratefully  recognized.  The 
threefold  enlargement  of  its  Executive  Committee  and  the 
inclusion  of  a group  of  student  volunteers  is  bound  to  increase 
its  effectiveness.  As  a Movement  it  will  doubtless  be  able 
to  adapt  itself  to  the  new  readiness  of  the  regular  Associa- 
tions to  help  interpret,  in  a vigorous  missionary  program,  the 
tides  of  democratic  and  international  feeling  which  are  rising 
in  the  colleges  today. 

The  following  policy  is  now  being  recommended: 

1.  We  recommend  that  the  missionary  emphasis  of  this  year  be 
regarded  as  a continuation  and  enlargement  of  last  year’s  World 
Fellowship  Program. 

2.  The  missionary  emphasis  should  be  integrated  into  the  entire 
Association  program  and  not  be  regarded  as  a “stunt”  or  special 
campaign. 

3.  The  missionary  emphasis  should  cover  the  entire  year,  al- 
though it  will  doubtless  be  wise  to  concentrate  on  certain  activities 
at  stated  periods  during  the  year. 

4.  Intensive  missionary  education.  Our  aim  should  be  to  enlist 
as  large  a proportion  as  possible  of  Christians  in  a thorough  study 
of  some  aspect  of  the  world  task  of  Christianity.  Experience  has 
shown  that  this  is  best  accomplished  by  the  formation  of  groups 
for  the  study  and  discussion  of  these  problems.  A national  goal  is 
suggested  of  at  least  50  per  cent  of  our  Student  Association  member- 
ship in  these  discussion  groups.  Mission  and  social  study  groups  should 
be  given  right  of  way  during  the  second  semester  in  the  program 
of  voluntary  religious  education. 

5.  Extensive  missionary  education.  It  should  be  our  aim  also 
to  bring  forcibly  before  every  student  an  understanding  of  the 
contribution  Christianity  has  to  make  in  building  the  new  world 
order. 

Among  the  many  methods  that  have  proven  effective  in  accom- 
plishing this  we  recommend  the  following: 

World  Problems  Forum. 

Promoting  the  individual  reading  of  missionary  literature. 


18 


Periodical  missionary  meetings  of  the  Association. 

Courses  of  missionary  lectures  by  prominent  missionaries, 
board  secretaries,  and  others. 

Stereopticon  lectures. 

Posters  an‘d  exhibits. 

Missionary  plays  and  pageants. 

Have  missionary  themes  introduced  for  oral  and  essay  work 
in  English,  History,  and  other  departments,  also  as  subjects  for 
debate  in  literary  societies. 

Bulletin  boards. 

College  papers. 

Prize  essay  contests. 

Delegations  to  missionary  conferences  and  conventions,  also 
to  the  summer  student  conferences.  • 

Missionary  deputations  to  schools,  smaller  colleges  and  neigh- 
boring churches. 

6.  Missionary  recruiting. 

7.  Missionary  finance. 

Clarence'  P.  Shedd  is  chairman  of  the  International  staff 
committee  to  formulate  its  missionary  policies.  F.  P.  Turner 
leaves  the  Volunteer  Movement  after  many  years  of  faithful 
service  to  become  secretary  of  the  Committee  of  Reference 
and  Counsel  of  the  Foreign  Missions  Conference.  Robert 
Wilder,  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Student  Movement  is  wel- 
comed back  as  the  new  executive  of  the  Volunteer  Movement 

The  Social  Emphasis 

The  recent  industrial  conference  assembled  by  President 
Wilson,  unfortunate  as  it  was  in  its  conclusion,  nevertheless 
suggests  the  way  industrial  and  social  difficulties  will  be  settled 
in  the  future.  Three  men  will  sit  down  around  a table  facing 
such  problems.  One  of  these  men  will  almost  inevitably  be 
from  the  student  class  of  today,  usually  two  of  the  group  will 
be  from  this  class.  A tremendous  burden  rests  upon  the  Stu- 
dent Association  to  have  an  adequate  social  program.  For 
many  men,  the  best  help  they  can  possibly  give  to  industrial 
life  is  to  throw  themselves  with  zeal  into  a vital  and  reasonable 
social  program  among  students. 

Present  keenness  on  the  part  of  thoughtful  students  and 
professors  for  adequate  social  readjustment  is  so  great  that 
their  first  question,  as  the  claims  of  Christ  are  brought  to 
them,  is,  ‘‘Does  Christ  offer  adequate  solution  for  the 
burning  social  and  international  questions  of  this  day?”  Un- 


19 


less  it  can  be  clearly  shown  that  Christianity  does  offer  a solu- 
tion; indeed,  unless  we  are  firmly  convinced  it  offers  the  only 
solution  for  these  national  and  international  questions;  and 
unless  we  include  in  our  message  adequate  social 
emphasis,  these  thoughtful  men  will  consider  Christianity  and 
social  reform  as  alternatives  and  in  many  cases  will  choose  the 
latter. 

During  the  past  three  years  encouraging  progress  has  been 
made  in  stressing  worthily  the  Christian  social  note.  There 
is  less  satisfaction  than  formerly  with  an  easy  service  program 
which  may  not  lead  men  to  understand  the  vast  evils  and  diffi- 
culties of  the  Social  Problem.  The  idea  is  growing  that  our 
task  here  is  not  to  stir  up  a lot  of  social  service,  good  and 
necessary  as  that  is,  but  rather  to  bring  students  to  a Christian 
point  of  view  for  the  whole  of  life.  As  men  are  won  through 
sane  social  evangelism  to  the  mind  of  Christ  in  all  of  life’s 
relationships,  then  social  service  bursts  forth,  more  of  it  and 
of  boundless  significance. 

Wide  use  has  been  made  of  speakers  who  can  be  trusted  to 
interpret  the  Gospel  in  these  important  matters.  Raymond 
Robins,  J.  Stitt  Wilson,  Harry  Ward,  Henry  Sloane  Coffin, 
Harry  Emerson  Fosdick,  Richard  H.  Edwards,  W.D.  Weather- 
ford, Harry  Clarke,  A.  M.  Trawick,  and  others  have  been  used 
to  bring  this  message  in  a powerful  way  to  students. 


a.  Courses  and  Literature 

It  is  doubtful  if  any  movement  in  the  country,  denomina- 
tional or  interdenominational,  has  produced  during  the  past 
years  more  and  better  study  courses  and  other  literature  bear- 
ing upon  social  problems.  Several  of  these  courses,  such  as 
Rauschenbusch’s  “The  Social  Principles  of  Jesus,”  Weather- 
ford’s “Negro  Life  in  the  South,”  Ward-Edward’s  “Christian- 
ising Community  Life,”  have  become  standard  for  use  in  all 
kinds  of  study  groups  and  have  been  used  by  other  national 
Student  movements.  Reference  should  be  made  to  the  section 
later  in  this  report  under  the  heading  of  Literature  for  striking 
evidence  of  other  material  produced. 


20 


b . Social  Reform  Begins  at  Home 

A student  who  has  a sensitive  social  conscience  notes  quick- 
ly any  point  where  the  Gospel  needs  to  be  brought  to  his  own 
college  campus,  into  his  own  fraternity,  or  into  other  phases 
of  his  college  life.  A secretary  at  a leading  university  recently 
raised  with  his  leaders  this  question,  “Is  the  social  life  in 
this  university  worthy  of  being  made  the  prevailing  type  of 
democratic  Christian  life  in  the  nation  ?”  That  question  should 
be  insistently  urged  in  every  dormitory,  fraternity  house,  and 
college  classroom.  Reports  received  show  that  many  Associa- 
tions are  taking  seriously  their  responsibility  for  making  the 
athletic  and  social  life  contribute  constructively  in  strengthen- 
ing character. 

The  enforcement  of  national  temperance  legislation  will  be 
welcomed  by  every  friend  of  higher  education.  Certain  lead- 
ers in  the  Associations  have  helped  in  making  this  great  vic- 
tory possible.  Richardson’s  “The  Liquor  Problem,”  has  been 
well  used.  On  the  whole,  however,  it  must  be  admitted  that 
this  greatest  social  advance  of  the  century  has  had  far  less 
help  from  the  colleges  and  universities  than  it  deserved. 

Social  Service  and  Deputations 

A suggestive  pamphlet  was  published  a few  months  ago, 
“Fifty-Seven  Varieties  of  Social  Service  by  Students.”  This 
suggests  the  variety  and  extent  of  social  service  during  the 
past  few  years.  Friendly  visiting,  visits  to  institutions,  work 
in  settlements  and  mission  churches  have  all  taken  the  attention 
of  college  men,  but  the  lines  which  have  been  most  fruitfully 
followed  are  work  with  boys,  industrial  service,  and  deputa- 
tions. The  new  plans  of  the  Boys’  Department  for  high  schools 
and  the  Program  of  Training  Christian  Citizens  are  being  co- 
operated in. 

The  success  which  has  attended  the  effort  toward  Ameri- 
canization, teaching  English  to  foreigners,  and  the  like,  sug- 
gests the  unique  opportunity  the  Student  Associations  have 
in  colleges  and  schools  which  are  located  near  industrial  plants 
or  communities.  There  have  been  many  illustrations  during 


21 


the  War  of  college  graduates,  who,  as  employers  of  labor,  have 
taken  a much  more  Christian  attitude  toward  the  men  under 
them  because  of  the  training  they  had  as  students  in  social 
service  among  industrial  workers. 

"Summer  Service  Groups”  of  local  leaders  of  Social  Study 
and  Service  Committees  were  in  1916,  1917,  and  again  in 
1919  brought  to  New  York  City  for  two  months’  study  of 
social  needs  and  for  apprentice  experience  in  settlements,  city 
Associations,  and  institutional  churches. 

The  problem  of  more  amicable  relationships  between  the 
races  in  the  South  has  had  a prominent  place  in  the  discussions 
and  study  of  many  southern  Associations.  To  this  end,  at 
Hollister  and  Blue  Ridge  conferences  special  funds  were  raised 
from  friends  of  the  work  to  facilitate  the  attendance  of  a 
group  of  representative  professors,  who  otherwise  would  not 
have  been  able  to  attend.  Wide  use  has  been  made  of  Dr. 
Weatherford’s  “Negro  Life  in  the  South”  and  “Present  Forces 
in  Negro  Progress.”  It  is  believed  that  the  many 
efforts  being  put  forward  in  a Christian  spirit  are  a positive 
contribution  to  the  solution  of  this  urgent  national  problem. 

Deputations  or  “Gospel  teams”  are  organized  efforts  of 
strong  Christian  men  of  a college  to  interpret  Christ  to  the 
young  people  of  a given  community  so  that  they  will  accept 
Him  and  endeavor  to  live  a sincere  Christian  life.  This  work 
has  been  broken  in  upon  during  the  War,  but  a renewed  em- 
phasis is  now  being  given  to  it.  Its  importance  is  evident. 
First,  it  is  needed  among  the  boys  and  young  men  in  the  towns 
and  the  schools  to  which  these  deputations  go,  second,  if  the 
moral  and  spiritual  problems  of  our  colleges  are  to  be  solved, 
boys  must  be  won  before  they  reach  college;  third,  some  men 
can  be  interested  in  the  Student  Association  through  going  out 
for  a difficult  task  in  a deputation;  fourth,  many  strong  men 
are  recruited  for  Christian  callings  through  experience.  All 
such  endeavor  should  be  part  of  a well  organized  work  and 
special  attention  be  given  to  the  training  of  those  who  are  to 
participate.  Local  or  state  training  conferences  should  be  held 
for  the  coaching  of  every  man  who  is  to  have  a part  in  this 
important  work. 


22 


Recruiting  and  Life-Work  Guidance 

The  Associations  have  taken  very  seriously  their  responsi- 
bility for  recruiting  men  for  the  Christian  ministry  both  at 
home  and  overseas,  and  also  for  recruiting  Christian  leaders 
for  other  kinds  of  life  work.  All  of  the  summer  conferences 
have  made  this  one  of  the  chief  points  of  emphasis.  Nearly 
all  the  colleges  have  the  established  custom  of  holding  a series 
of  life-work  addresses  or  conferences,  the  first  of  which  is 
“Principles  Which  Should  Guide  a Student  in  Choosing  a Life 
Career.”  Several  investigations  were  made  a few  years  ago 
to  discover  the  results  of  this  policy  of  recruiting.  It  was 
found  that  in  the  311  colleges  reporting,  3,252  men  were  pre- 
paring for  the  Christian  ministry,  1,148  for  foreign  missionary 
service,  334  for  the  Y.M.C.A.  secretaryship,  and  282  for  other 
forms  of  Christian  life  work. 

The  creation  of  a Life-Work  Department  of  the  Interchurch 
World  Movement  has  made  it  possible  for  the  Student  De- 
partment to  integrate  its  work  even  more  than  formerly  with 
the  plans  of  the  churches. 

It  is  found  that  many  men  are  coming  back  from  the  War 
unsettled  in  regard  to  career.  Some,  we  are  glad  to  say,  are 
giving  fresh  consideration  to  “vicarious  callings”  but  a larger 
number  seem  to  be  heading  thoughtlessly  into  the  callings 
which  for  the  moment  seem  to  offer  greater  worldly  returns 
There  is  a new  urgency  in  this  aspect  of  the  work. 

A very  carefully  prepared  program  in  this  important  phase 
of  the  Association’s  work  has  been  prepared  in  consultation 
with  leaders  of  the  Association  and  of  the  churches,  and  this 
may  be  had  upon  application  to  any  traveling  secretary  of  the 
Association  Movement. 

W.  H.  Tinker  is  chairman  of  a committee  of  the  Student 
Department  staff  to  make  a study  of  recruiting  and  life-work 
guidance  and  to  help  keep  the  Movement  in  touch  with  the 
Interchurch  World  Movement  and  other  recruiting  agencies. 

The  Practice  of  Prayer 

The  average  citizen  can  think  of  students  in  almost  any  ac- 
tivity more  easily  than  he  can  think  of  them  at  prayer.  Yet 


23 


the  Association  Movement  itself  is  a living  testimony  that 
students  do  pray.  It  was  born  in  prayer.  Prayer  has  made 
possible  its  success  in  helping  tempted  men,  in  creating  and 
maintaining  campus  morality,  in  inspiring  life-dedication  to 
Christ. 

Whether  there  has  been  satisfactory  progress  in  prayer  in 
the  period  under  review  is  not  easy  to  judge.  It  has  been  a 
period  when  penitence  was  even  more  difficult  than  usual,  and 
true  penitence  is  the  beginning  of  all  spiritual  growth.  It  is 
encouraging  to  see  the  growing  conviction  of  not  a few  stu- 
dent leaders  that  prayer  is  a real  way  to  get  Christian  work 
accomplished. 

a.  The  most  fruitful  corporate  practice  is  in  prayer  groups, 
mostly  informal  and  unadvertised.  The  name  “Inner  Cir- 
cle^ is  increasingly  recognized  for  such  groups  which  unite 
for  personal  work,  the  Morning  Watch,  and  a weekly  meet- 
ing for  prayer. 

b.  There  is  a persistent  emphasis  upon  the  “Morning 
Watch.”  If  men  pray  at  all  they  pray,  almost  without  excep- 
tion apparently,  just  before  retiring.  The  very  daring  of  the 
Morning  Watch  idea  and  its  difficulty  leads  many  men  out 
into  a vital  prayer  life. 

c.  There  have  been  more  local  conferences  for  prayer  and 
retreats  than  formerly.  There  is  danger  that  these  will  at- 
tempt so  much  planning  that  there  is  not  enough  time  for 
prayer  and  training  in  prayer. 

d.  Prayer  meetings,  so  called,  are  still  held  in  most  Associa- 
tions, but  they  are  less  satisfactory  for  prayer  results  than  the 
other,  more  informal  ways. 

e.  At  least  two  university  Associations  have  set  aside 
Prayer  Rooms.  The  new  union  building  at  the  University  of 
Toronto  has  a beautiful  chapel  which  seats  about  thirty,  ad- 
joining the  Association  office.  What  a fine  thing  if  this  could 
be  arranged  in  every  one  of  our  great,  crowded,  busy  uni- 
versities ! 

f.  There  is  a good  use  made  of  literature  dealing  with 
prayer.  A special  cycle  was  issued  last  year  “In  Anticipa- 
tion of  the  Universal  Day  of  Prayer  for  Students.”  Two 
editions  of  this  were  circulated.  Other  titles  used  are : “What 


24 


Can  Prayer  Accomplish  Apart  from  the  Man  Who  Prays  ?” 
by  Dean  Bosworth;  “The  Discipline  of  Prayer”;  “Intercessors 
— The  Primary  Need,”  by  Dr.  Mott;  and  “The  Meaning  of 
Prayer,”  by  Dr.  Fosdick.  A most  profitable  use  was  made  of 
a large  edition  of  “The  Practice  of  the  Presence  of  God” 
which  was  made  available  by  the  War  Work  Council. 

Training  Student  Leaders 

Marked  progress  has  been  made  in  training  student  leaders. 
A larger  number  of  state  and  sectional  officers’  training  con- 
ferences have  been  held  than  ever  before.  Training  for  Chris- 
tian leadership  is  more  and  more  recognized  as  the  chief  pur- 
pose of  the  summer  conferences.  This  is  especially  true  of 
training  student  leaders  for  Bible  study  classes  and  discussion 
groups.  Most  Bible  study  classes  fail  because  of  lack  of  lead- 
ership; most  student  group  leaders  fail,  not  because  they  do 
not  have  zeal  enough,  but  because  they  do  not  have  coaching. 
A plan  of  training  student  leaders  has  been  evolved  chiefly 
under  the  leadership  of  Harrison  S.  Elliott,  which  gives  an  un- 
precedented sense  of  confidence  as  we  face  this  problem.  In 
a word,  this  is  the  simple  and  obviously  wise  plan  of  conduct- 
ing the  leaders’  training  group  as  itself  a discussion  group 
where  men  hammer  out  together  the  main  points  of  the  les- 
son. In  this  give  and  take  of  discussions,  men  are  fitted  to 
bring  their  own  life  convictions  and  questions  to  the  group 
which  they  are  to  meet  later.  The  pamphlet,  “Training  an 
Adequate  Leadership,”  by  Mr.  Elliott,  is  being  revised  and 
there  will  also  soon  be  available  a handbook  on  “Training 
Group  Leaders.” 

The  whole  process  of  training  undergraduates  to  become 
“self-starting”  Christian  workers  is  of  the  utmost  significance 
to  the  Church  and  the  nation.  Will  we  get  the  kind  of  laymen 
and  citizens  needed  today  if  this  college  period  is  not  thus 
utilized  ? 

The  Association  Friendship  Council 

One  of  the  most  striking  developments  of  the  past  few  years 
has  been  the  form  of  organization  originally  called  “Promo- 


25 


tion  Force,”  now  called  “The  Association  Friendship  Coun- 
cil.” In  a word,  the  Friendship  Council  has  the  same  relation 
to  the  Cabinet  that  the  line  officers  have  to  the  staff  officers. 
There  is  special  need  for  a simplification  of  Student  Associa- 
tion work  at  this  time.  Policies  often  seem  complicated  and 
confused  to  undergraduates.  There  is  need  of  some  great 
regulative  principle.  This  regulative  principle  is  furnished  to 
many  Associations  already  in  the  Association  Friendship  Coun- 
cil. It  rings  true  to  the  established  spiritual  precedent  of  the 
Movement,  but  at  the  same  time  makes  it  possible  to  extend 
the  Movement’s  influence  to  the  very  limit  of  every  college 
and  university. 

Conferences,  Summer  Schools,  Conventions 

The  processes  of  actual  experience  have  only  confirmed  our 
earlier  belief  in  these  intercollegiate  assemblies  as  centers  of 
priceless  stimulus  and  have  shown  that  certain  annual  gather- 
ings are  essential. 

a.  Summer  conferences  by  fields.  In  spite  of  great  diffi- 
culties these  have  been  strong.  There  has  been  a commendable 
spirit  of  freshness  and  experimentation,  and  at  the  same  time 
deep  spiritual  purpose  and  result.  Different  types  of  confer- 
ences for  professors  were  conducted  at  Hollister,  Geneva,  Blue 
Ridge,  Northfield,  and  Blairstown.  A conference  of  editors 
and  student  body  presidents  was  conducted  at  Seabeck  and 
at  Estes'  Park.  Special  conferences  for  medical  and  engineer- 
ing students  were  conducted  at  Blue  Ridge,  Geneva,  and 
Northfield. 

b.  State  Officers’  Training  Conferences.  During  the  past 
two  years,  in  spite  of  the  War,  there  has  been  a larger  num- 
ber of  such  conferences  held,  attended  by  a larger  number  of 
representative  delegates  than  ever  before  in  the  history  of  the 
Movement.  Of  course,  the  financial  help  of  the  War  Work 
Council  has  encouraged  this,  but  they  are  so  valuable  that 
such  conferences  should  be  held  next  year  in  every  state 
in  the  Union. 

c.  Secretaries’  Summer  Schools.  The  secretaries  in  each 
section  are  tending  more  and  more  to  attend  either  an  Asso- 


26 


ciation  school  or  a university  summer  school.  The  new  schools 
under  Association  auspices  this  year  at  Hollister,  Geneva,  and 
Asilomar  seem  to  open  a new  chapter  in  student  secretarial 
training. 

No  continental  summer  school  has  been  held  during  the 
period  under  review,  although  short  conferences  of  secretaries 
were  held,  in  1917  at  Niagara  Falls,  and  in  1918  at  Evanston, 
111.  In  a movement  depending  as  this  does  so  completely  upon 
personal  leadership  and  that  of  a necessarily  temporary  char- 
acter, there  is  need  for  an  occasional  meeting  of  leaders  from 
all  types  of  institutions  and  all  sections  of  the  country.  It 
now  seems  probable  that  the  International  Summer  School 
Committee  will  recommend  that  such  a gathering  be  held  dur- 
ing 1920  to  formulate  a policy  for  the  North  American  Stu- 
dent Association  Movement. 

d.  There  has  been  a marked  increase  in  the  number  of  pre- 
terminal conferences  held.  The  custom  is  to  ask  the  cabinet 
and  members  of  the  Association  Friendship  Council  to  come 
back  to  the  college  or  a suitable  place  near  by  for  two  or  three 
days’  prayer  and  discussion  concerning  the  year’s  work.  In 
this  way  the  work  is  able  to  start  at  full  speed  the  day  col- 
lege opens. 

e.  The  Student  Volunteer  Convention  which  meets  once  in 
four  years  meets  this  year  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  December 
31st  to  January  4th.  All  the  experience  of  the  past  proves 
that  no  other  single  influence  ever  comes  into  the  life  of  the 
Student  Associations  of  greater  potency  than  this  Volunteer 
Convention.  For  this  reason  all  the  secretaries  of  the  De- 
partment are  glad  to  make  a first  charge  upon  their  time  the 
promotion  of  attendance  upon  this  Convention. 

f.  State  Autumn  Conferences.  In  at  least  three  states  this 
year  a new  kind  of  conference  has  been  held,  namely,  one  to 
which  come  as  many  students  as  can  possibly  be  secured  to  be 
given  vision  and  inspiration  that  they  may  go  back  to  make 
their  college  campuses  Christian  places.  Upwards  of  250 
attended  such  a conference  in  Nebraska  and  about  500  in 
Kansas.  Careful  study  is  being  made  by  leaders  in  these 
states  to  find  just  the  distinctive  contribution  that  these  con- 
ferences make  to  the  total  Association  program  throughout 


27 


the  year.  If  it  is  proved  after  a year’s  experience  that  the  re- 
sult was  to  inspire  a larger  number  of  local  leaders  for  local 
work  than  could  otherwise  have  been  trained  and  inspired, 
they  will  doubtless  become  a permanent  feature  in  the  Asso- 
ciation program  in  many  states. 

g.  Life-Work  Conferences.  In  certain  states  special  life- 
work  committees  of  the  State  Committee  have  been  formed. 
In  so  far  as  the  student  secretaries  are  related  to  these  com- 
mittees, they  should  aim  to  recruit  for  the  ministry  as  well 
as  the  Association.  Several  state  conferences  have  been  held 
to  interest  selected  upper-classmen  in  Christian  callings.  Ex- 
perience in  recent  years  shows  conclusively  that  more  is  ac- 
complished, however,  in  local  visits  and  institutions. 

Sex  Education 

The  program  in  sex  education  which  had  been  promoted 
by  the  Student  Department  for  six  years  preceding  the  War 
had  commended  itself  to  educational  authorities,  and  resulted 
in  increasing  recognition  on  their  part  of  the  responsibility 
resting  upon  them.  The  experience  accumulated  during  these 
years  by  Dr.  M.  J.  Exner,  who  had  launched  and  carried  for- 
ward this  program,  was  put  at  the  disposal  of  the  Association 
in  its  service  to  the  Army  mobilized  on  the  Mexican  Border 
in  1916.  The  contribution  made  at  that  time  was  appreciated 
by  the  authorities  at  Washington,  and  the  investigations  made 
of  conditions  there  convinced  them  of  the  need  for  greater 
attention  to  this  phase  of  army  life.  Accordingly,  when  the 
plans  for  mobilizing  and  training  the  Army  for  the  War  were 
made,  they  included  a social  hygiene  program  far  in  advance 
of  any  ever  attempted  by  any  government.  The  entire  lecture 
aspect  of  this  program  was  made  the  responsibility  of  Dr 
Exner,  acting  for  the  War  Work  Council.  Thus  the  sex  edu- 
cation program  of  the  Student  Movement  bore  fruit. 

It  is  worth  noting  that  in  the  short  period  of  the  S.  A.  T.  C. 
Dr.  Exner’s  staff  of  lecturers  visited  nearly  every  college  so 
organized,  to  give  official  lectures  on  sex  hygiene. 

As  the  work  with  the  Army  draws  to  a close,  a readjust- 
ment has  been  made,  whereby  Dr.  Exner  will  cease  to  be  re- 


28 


lated  to  the  Student  Department  only,  but  will  promote  a pro- 
gram of  sex  education  throughout  the  entire  Association  Move- 
ment. We  are  glad  to  know  that  he  already  has  secured  a 
staff  of  lecturers,  and  is  offering  fully  as  much  of  their  time 
to  the  Student  Associations  as  in  the  past. 

Alumni  Work 

The  Student  Association  should  do  its  utmost  to  send  its 
graduates  into  the  service  of  the  churches  and  social  welfare 
agencies  in  the  communities  where  they  reside.  Each  spring 
an  effort  is  made  to  secure  the  names  of  Seniors  who  know 
where  they  are  to  settle,  in  order  that  they  may  be  immediate- 
ly introduced  to  Christian  community  work. 

The  desire  has  often  been  expressed  by  former  members  that 
they  might  be  kept  in  closer  touch  with  what  is  going  on  in  the 
general  Student  Movement  in  America  and  the  world.  To 
satisfy  this  desire  and  at  the  same  time  encourage  community 
service,  plans  are  being  worked  out  to  create  an  “Alumni  Mem- 
bership.’’ 

Work  with  Schoolboys 

There  are  about  200  Associations  in  private  schools  and 
academies.  Most  of  these  are  grouped  in  the  Northeast,  East, 
and  South.  Several  of  these  schools,  especially  those  with 
military  features,  have  grown  during  the  war  period.  A new 
school  conference  has  been  started  at  Blairstown,  N.  J.,  which 
is  attended  by  delegates  from  the  schools  in  the  north  and 
east.  One  secretary  has  been  employed  for  this  work.  After 
Francis  P.  Miller  went  to  France,  it  was  necessary  to  have  a 
succession  of  short-term  workers. 

There  is  a zest  and  appeal  in  this  school  work  unsurpassed 
in  any  other  department.  The  responsiveness  of  the  boys  and 
the  way  they  carry  on  into  college  Christian  leadership  is  most 
enheartening.  The  work  among  high  school  boys  is  under 
the  Boys’  Department,  but  there  has  been  an  increasing  amount 
of  working  together  and  consequent  mutual  profit. 

The  program  of  a school  Association  is  much  like  that  in 
a college,  but  simpler.  There  are  usually  only  a few  lines 


29 


of  activity — a group  of  mature  boys  united  in  prayer  and 
friendly  influence  that  Christ  may  rule  the  school,  as  many 
as  possible  following  the  morning  watch,  and  a weekly  meet- 
ing. An  increasing  number  of  school  Associations  are  taking 
up  social  and  missionary  service. 

Foreign  Students 

The  presence  in  this  country  of  an  increasing  number  of 
students  from  other  nations  has  challenged  the  Student  Chris- 
tian Movement  to  give  special  attention  to  the  opportunity  thus 
afforded  for  cultivating  international  friendships  and  render- 
ing service  to  these  students.  The  war  conditions  in  Europe 
diverted  large  numbers  of  students  from  Latin-America  to 
our  universities,  as  well  as  many  from  Asia.  The  reports  this 
fall  show  a new  development  in  the  considerable  number  of 
students  from  Europe  who  matriculated  in  American  univer- 
sities, including  200  from  France.  It  is  estimated  that  there 
, are  now  in  the  United  States : 

2,500  students  from  Latin-America. 

150  students  from  India. 

1,400  students  from  China. 

1,000  students  from  Japan. 

600  students  from  The  Philippines. 

200  students  from  France. 

1,000  students  from  other  countries. 

Last  year  Charles  D.  HAirrey,  secretary  for  the  Committee 
on  Friendly  Relations,  had  record  of  students  from  seventy- 
one  different  countries. 

We  find  that  in  a growing  number  of  Associations  a special 
committee  is  charged  with  the  responsibility  for  extending  to 
these  men  the  hospitality  of  the  Association,  and  for  open- 
ing to  them  opportunities  to  share  the  best  things  in  Christian 
America. 

The  summer  conferences  offer  a unique  opportunity  for  tak- 
ing these  students  from  abroad  into  the  heart  of  our  Move- 
ment. At  the  same  time  many  American  delegates  to  these 
conferences  testify  to  the  value  of  the  intimate  contact  afford- 
ed with  these  splendid  representatives  of  the  students  of  the 


30 


world.  With  the  cooperation  of  Mr.  Hurrey  and  his  com- 
mittee, the  number  who  have  accepted  our  hospitality  at  these 
conferences  has  steadily  increased,  as  follows : 

In  1915  there  were  299  present  at  6 conferences. 

In  1917  there  were  322  present  at  6 conferences. 

In  1919  there  were  455  present  at  6 conferences. 

At  Lake  Geneva,  in  1919,  there  were  present  156  students, 
from  28  countries;  at  Northfield,  200  from  about  the  same 
countries. 

Professional  Students 

From  what  has  been  said  concerning  the  professional  school 
field,  it  is  evident  that  these  students  must  be  considered  some- 
what as  a .special  field.  For  a great  many  years  the  Student 
Department  has  had  a secretary  for  theological  institutions, 
who  has  been  able  to  develop  a type  of  Association  in  the 
seminaries  adapted  to  the  need  of  the  students.  Sherwood 
S.  Day  has  recently  taken  up  this  work  on  the  staff  of  the 
Student  Department,  succeeding  Rev.  Paul  Micou,  who  re- 
signed to  become  Collegiate  Secretary  for  the  General  Board 
of  Religious  Education  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church. 

In  a few  cases  the  Association  has  entered  the  medical 
schools,  and  enough  experimentation  has  been  done  to  prove 
the  adaptability  of  our  program  to  this  field. 

The  improvement  of  medical  education  during  the  past 
fifteen  years  has  been  remarkable.  While  the  number  of 
medical  colleges  has  been  reduced  from  162 'to  85,  and  the 
number  of  students  from  28,142  to  13,052,  the  number  of  col- 
leges requiring  two  years  of  college  work  for  entrance  in- 
creased from  2.5  per  cent  to  92.9  per  cent  of  all  the  colleges, 
and  the  number  of  students  with  higher  preliminary  qualifica- 
tions increased  from  6.2  per  cent  to  96.3  of  all  students.  It 
is  asserted  by  the  Journal  of  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion that  the  low  ebb  in  enrolment  resulting  from  the  enforce- 
ment of  the  higher  entrance  requirements  has  been  passed. 
Last  year,  although  the  volunteering  or  drafting  of  medical 
students  produced  a lower  total  enrolment,  an  increasing  pro- 
portion of  students  and  graduates  were  reported  from  the 


31 


Class  A colleges,  and  the  number  of  graduates  holding  A.B. 
degrees  increased  from  1,024  and  1,180. 

While  it  cannot  be  denied  that  the  severe  schedule  of  the 
medical  course  makes  it  difficult  for  students  to  give  much 
time  to  Association  activities,  it  is  clearly  our  duty  to  adapt 
the  Association  program  to  the  circumstances  so  that  this 
important  body  of  students  can  be  brought  into  the  fellow- 
ship of  our  Movement.  Special  attention  should  also  be 
given  to  the  pre-medical  students  in  the  colleges. 

The  trained  engineer  holds  a strategic  place  in  the  industrial 
life  of  today.  He  stands,  as  it  were,  between  labor  on  the 
one  hand  and  capital  on  the  other.  He  has  a unique  opportu- 
nity to  apply  Christian  principles  to  the  solution  of  industrial 
problems.  For  this  reason  it  is  important  that  the  Association 
help  the  increasing  numbers  of  students  in  engineering  schools 
to  think  clearly  and  conclusively  on  the  social  as  well  as  the 
personal  implications  of  Christ’s  teaching. 


Colored  Students 

Of  the  653  colored  colleges  and  secondary  schools,  there 
are  200  which  have  enrolled  a sufficient  number  of  men  to 
make  possible  an  Association  organization.  Of  these  110 
are  now  occupied.  The  work  in  these  institutions  is  organized 
as  a part  of  the  Colored  Men’s  Department,  in  close  coopera- 
tion with  the  Student  Department. 

Indian  Students 

There  are  12,000  Indian  students  in  294  government  schools 
and  28  Protestant  mission  schools.  For  a number  of  years 
R.  D.  Hall  labored  to  lay  the  foundations  of  an  indigenous 
Association  work  in  these  schools.  The  program  and  meth- 
ods best  adapted  to  their  needs  have  been  evolved  by  experi- 
ence, and  the  conferences  of  Indian  delegates  at  recent  con- 
ferences at  Hollister  and  Estes  Park  were  convincing  proof 
of  the  virility  of  this  part  of  the  Student  work.  In  order  to 
give  particular  attention  to  the  Indians  in  the  army  canton- 
ments, Mr.  Hall  was  released  to  the  War  Work  Council  and 


32 


G.  E.  E.  Lindquist  was  called  to  take  charge  of  the  work 
in  the  Indian  schools. 

Associations  have  been  organized  at  twenty  schools.  In 
most  of  the  remaining  schools  the  boys  are  too  young  for 
Association  work. 

The  Student  Edition,  The  Intercollegian 

In  1918  conditions  arose  which  made  it  inadvisable  to  con- 
tinue the  publication  of  the  North  American  Student,  which 
for  several  years  had  been  the  useful  organ  of  the  Council  of 
North  American  Student  Movements.  It  was  then  decided 
to  insert  a Student  Department  magazine  in  Association  Men. 
These  pages  are  later  reprinted  as  The  Intercollegian,  which 
goes  as  a bulletin  of  the  Department  to  a carefully  selected 
list  of  friends  and  supporters  of  the  work.  While  this  plan 
has  obvious  weaknesses,  they  are  more  than  outweighed  by 
the  advantages  of  combination  with  the  general  Association 
magazine  and  also  of  having  a free  bulletin. 

A most  helpful  Editorial  Committee  consists  of  A.  J.  Elliott, 
F.  M.  Harris,  E.  H.  Kelsey,  K.  S.  Latourette,  Elmore  McKee, 
J.  L.  Murray,  and  D.  R.  Porter. 

The  Publication  and  Circulation  of 
Useful  Literature 

This  is  one  of  the  Department’s  chief  opportunities.  Three 
main  types  are  in  demand — textbooks  for  Bible,  social,  and 
mission  study,  technical  pamphlets  on  work,  and  books  and 
pamphlets  on  various  religious  and  social  questions  written  ex- 
pressly for  college  men.  All  such  work  is  done  in  coopera- 
tion with  Association  Press. 

The  following  new  technical  pamphlets  have  been  issued : 
'‘America’s  Experience  in  Student  Y.M.C.A.  Buildings,”  by 
Neil  McMillan,  Jr. 

“Training  an  Adequate  Leadership,”  by  Harrison  S.  Elliott. 
“What  Is  the  World’s  Student  Christian  Federation?”  by 
David  R.  Porter. 

“The  President  of  the  Association,”  by  W.  D.  Weatherford. 


33 


"Student  Associations  and  the  Church,”  by  David  R.  Porter. 
“Finances  of  a Student  Association  in  War  Time.,, 

“The  Effective  Force,”  by  Francis  P.  Miller. 

“The  Leaders'  Training  Class,”  by  Harrison  S.  Elliott. 
“Guide  to  College  Voluntary  Study  Books,”  by  Harrison  S. 
Elliott. 

“Report  of  the  Theological  Section,”  by  Paul  Micou. 

‘ Students  of  the  United  States  for  the  Students  of  the  World.” 
“An  Expression  of  World  Fellowship,”  by  J.  Lovell  Murray. 
“The  World  Problems  Forum.” 

“World  Fellowship  Fund.” 

The  following  new  Bible  study  courses  have  been  made 
available : 

“Jesus  in  the  Records,”  by  H.  B.  Sharman. 

“The  Religious  Experience  of  Israel,”  by  W.  J.  Hutchins. 
“The  Social  Principles  of  Jesus,”  by  Walter  Rauschenbusch. 
“Christianizing  Community  Life,”  by  Harry  F.  Ward  and 
R.  H.  Edwards. 

“A  New  World  Democracy,”  by  Harrison  S.  Elliott. 

Other  new  courses  which  give  daily  Scripture  readings  but 
are  chiefly  discussions  of  social  or  international  themes  are : 
“Marks  of  a World  Christian,”  by  D.  J.  Fleming. 

“The  Faiths  of  Mankind,”  by  E.  D.  Soper. 

Other  books  and  pamphlets  written  for  college  men,  in- 
cluded the  following: 

“The  Dynamic  of  Manhood,”  by  L.  H.  Gulick. 

“Christian  Life — a Normal  Experience,”  by  W.  D.  Weather- 
ford. 

“Personal  Elements  in  Religious  Life,”  by  W.  D.  Weather- 
ford. 

“How  to  Use  the  Morning  Quiet  Time,”  by  R.  P.  Wilder. 
“United  Intercession,”  by  R.  P.  Wilder. 

“Life's  Clinic,”  by  E.  H.  Hooker. 

“Worship,”  by  William  Adams  Brown. 

“The  Comprehensiveness  of  the  Evangelistic  Aim,”  by  J.  H 
Oldham. 

“Conduct  of  Brief  Devotional  Meetings,”  by  Paul  Micou. 


/ 


34 


Literature  Section 


New  editions  of  the  following  books  and  pamphlets  have 
been  printed  during  the  last  three  years : 

“The  Social  Significance  of  the  Teachings  of  Jesus” — Jenks. 
“The  Will  of  God”— Wright. 

“The  Leadership  of  Bible  Study  Groups” — Horne. 
“Introducing  Men  to  Christ” — Weatherford. 

“Constructive  Suggestions  for  Character  Building” — Mott- 
Eddy. 

“Negro  Life  in  the  South” — Weatherford. 

“A  Challenge  to  Life  Service” — Harris-Robbins. 

“Christian  Standards  in  Life” — Murray-Harris. 

“A  Life  at  Its  Best” — Edwards-Cutler. 

“Student  Standards  of  Action” — Elliott-Cutler. 

“The  Manhood  of  the  Master” — Fosdick. 

“Bible  Study  the  Great  Way  in  Life’s  Values” — King. 
“Bible  Study  for  Personal  Spiritual  Growth” — Mott. 
“Religious  Meetings  for  Students” — Elliott. 

“College  Deputations  for  Evangelistic  Work” — Hansen- 
Elliott. 

“The  Morning  Watch” — Mott. 

A number  of  our  publications  were  found  adapted  to  the 
War  Work,  and  the  following  editions  were  specially  printed 
for  use  in  the  camps. 

120.000  “The  Call  of  a World  Task”— Murray. 

50.000  “The  Present  Task  of  the  Ministry” — Wilson. 

10.000  “The  Supreme  Decision  of  a Christian  Student” — 
Eddy. 

10.000  “What  Constitutes  a Missionary  Call” — Speer. 

525.000  “The  Fight  for  Character” — King. 

380.000  “The  Second  Mile”— Fosdick. 

11,383  “How  to  Use  the  Morning  Quiet  Time” — Wilder 

100.000  “The  Next  Step” — Jefferson. 

50.000  “War  Aims  and  Foreign  Missions” — Speer. 

460.000  “The  Christian  Witness  in  War” — Bosworth. 

360.000  “How  to  Know  the  Will  of  God” — Drummond. 

15.000  “The  Dynamic  of  Manhood” — Gulick. 


35 


1,700,00  “Friend  or  Enemy” — Exner. 

15,000  “Life’s  Clinic”— Hooker. 

16,371  “Rational  Sex  Life” — Exner. 

A manual  of  approved  principles  and  methods  of  Student 
Association  work  is  now  in  the  printer’s  hands.  This  has 
been  the  work  of  some  of  the  most  experienced  secretaries 
and  will  be  of  special  value  to  new  secretaries  and  student  offi- 
cers in  colleges  without  employed  secretaries. 


Developing  a “Movement  Conciousness” 

The  National  Student  Secretaries’  Summer  School  held  at 
Estes  Park,  Colo.,  in  the  summer  of  1913,  gave  an  opportunity 
for  free  discussions  and  formulation  of  new  ideas  from  the 
point  of  view  of  all  parts  of  the  nation.  The  school  requested 
the  International  Committee  to  appoint  a representative  com- 
mission “to  make  a thorough  study  of  the  Student  Association 
situation.” 

This  commission  was  appointed  by  Alfred  E.  Marling,  chair- 
man of  the  International  Committee,  and  tentative  reports  were 
made  from  time  to  time. 

The  International  Student  Secretaries’  Summer  School  which 
met  at  Blue  Ridge,  N.  C.,  in  1915  again  took  up  the  discussion 
of  the  problems  facing  the  Student  Movement.  Dr.  Sanders, 
representing  the  above  mentioned  commission,  was  invited  to 
be  present  and  make  a preliminary  statement  of  the  findings  of 
the  commission.  The  more  complete  realization  of  the  ideals 
of  democracy  came  clearly  into  the  foreground  at  this  time  as 
one  of  the  fundamental  problems  to  be  solved. 

This  discussion  stimulated  similar  discussion  in  other  sec- 
tions of  the  Association  and  resulted  in  the  initiative  resolution 
and  referendum  vote  in  accordance  with  the  action  of  the 
Toronto  Convention,  “authorizing  the  International  Conven- 
tion to  sit  as  a convention  in  sections  in  the  afternoon  sessions.” 
This  authorization  for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  Inter- 
national Conventions  gave  the  delegates  from  Student  Associ- 
ations present  at  the  Cleveland  Convention  in  1916  the  oppor- 
tunity to  meet  in  their  own  section  of  the  Convention  and  dis- 


36 


cuss  their  own  vital  problems.  Delegates  from  101  Student 
Associations,  constituting  one-eighth  of  the  Associations  of  all 
kinds  represented  in  the  Convention,  met  in  this  student  section 
and  entered  into-  frank  and  open  discussion  of  the  problems 
that  faced  the  Student  Movement.  There  resulted  a Committee 
of  Counsel  which  was  authorized  by  the  Convention.  This 
Committee  represented  local  cabinets,  advisory  committees,  and 
secretaries  and  during  the  past  three  years,  in  spite  of  war 
conditions,  has  helped  to  steady  and  stimulate  the  Movement. 

In  addition  to  this  Committee  a number  of  recent  graduates 
have  been  added  to  the  regular  Department  Committee  and 
they  now  meet  by  fields,  thus  facilitating  the  democratic  par- 
ticipation of  student  members  in  the  general  movement. 


Relations  with  Churches 

Encouraging  progress  has  been  made  in  relating  the  entire 
Student  Association  work  to  the  churches,  in  accordance  with 
the  policies  which  have  evolved  during  the  past  few  years. 

a.  Secretaries  of  the  Church  Boards  of  Education  and  the 
Council  of  Church  Boards  of  Education.  At  the  last  Inter- 
national Convention  a report  was  given  of  the  first  Cleveland 
Conference  and  the  following  resolution  was  passed : 

That  we  recognize  with  hearty  approval  the  special  effort,  of 
the  Student  Department  of  the  International  Committee  to  work 
in  close  cooperation  with  the  leaders  of  the  different  denominations 
in  their  plans  for  denominational  work  in  state  universities ; and 
further  that  we  commend  the  principles  of  cooperation  as  laid 
down  in  the  following  Findings  of  the  Cleveland  Conference(  held 
in  March,  1915,  and  composed  of  representatives  of  all  Christian 
agencies  at  work  in  state  institutions)  and  urge  that  these  principles 
be  worked  out  in  cooperative  action. 

Since  that  time  a second  Cleveland  Conference  has 
assembled,  at  which  time  three  important  Commissions 
reported;  one  on  cooperative  plans  for  evangelism;  another 
on  curriculum  instruction  in  the  Bible  in  tax-supported  insti- 
tutions ; and  another  on  “An  Adequate  Religious  Program  for 
State  Universities.”  The  report  of  this  latter  Commission  is 
as  follows : 


37 


Purpose  of  Work  in  State  Universities 

The  Commission  believes  the  following  to  be  the  purpose  of  our 
common  enterprise : 

(1)  To  lead  every  man  and  women  in  a university  community  into 
faith  in  God  through  Jesus  Christ  as  Divine  Lord  and  Saviour. 

(2)  To  unite  them  in  membership  and  service  in  the  Christian 
Church. 

(3)  To  promote  their  growth  in  Christian  faith  and  character. 

(4)  To  prepare  them  for  world-wide  service  in  the  Kingdom  of  God. 

Indispensable  Activities 

The  Commission  considers  the  following  activities  indispensable  to 
an  adequate  program : 

(1)  Evangelism  of  students, 

(2)  Church  relationships, 

(3)  Pastoral  care  and  preaching, 

(4)  Bible  study, 

(5)  Mission  study, 

(6)  Social  study, 

(7)  Social  service, 

(9)  Promotion  of  Christian  benevolence. 

(10)  Recruiting. 

The  Expansion  of  These  Activities  into  a Comprehensive  Uni- 
versity-Wide Program 

The  Commission  believes  that  the  number  of  activities  at  present 
promoted  in  state  universities  is,  as  a rule,  sufficient.  The  surveys  of 
the  local  situations,  however,  lead  to  the  conviction  that  sufficient 
attention  has  not  been  given  to  the  size  of  the  task  to  be  performed. 
Considerable  groups  of  students  are  largely  unreached,  and  present 
plans  do  not  give  promise  of  remedying  the  situation.  Therefore,  it 
seems  essential  that  all  of  the  religious  forces  now  operating  should  be 
so  correlated  and  unified  as  to  put  into  effect  a program  that  shall 
bring  home  to  every  student  the  complete  message  of  Christianity. 
This  result  can  never  be  achieved  by  the  mere  federation  of  small  plans 
which  already  may  be  in  existence,  as,  for  example,  by  bringing  both 
Association  and  church  Bible  groups  under  some  common  direction, 
but  it  calls  for  a comprehensive  and  thorough  survey  of  the  whole 
field,  together  with  the  training  of  a sufficient  leadership  from  both 
graduate  and  undergraduate  sources  to  meet  the  total  need  discovered, 
and  then  such  a division  of  labor  as  to  make  it  certain  that  each  line 
of  activity  shall  be  well  understood  and  vigorously  pressed. 

Principles  Involved 

In  view  of  the  situation  as  outlined,  the  Commission  presents  the 
following  principles  which  it  believes  to  be  essential  to  an  adequate 
religious  program  for  state  universities : 


38 


(a)  We  recognize  the  university  as  a community  with  a unified 
community  life ; and,  therefore,  that  our  task  is  not  only  the  develop- 
ment of  individual  Christians,  but  also  the  creation  and  maintenance  of 
a university  community  consciousness  favorable  to  the  Christian  life. 

(b)  We  recognize  the  opportunity  and  the  responsibility  of  the 
Church  to  cooperate  with  the  university  in  the  development  of  this 
moral  and  religious  life. 

(c)  We  recognize  that  while  students  are  members  of  a university 
community  they  should  be  kept  loyal  to  the  church  of  their  preference ; 
and,  therefore,  we  urge  the  identification  of  each  student  with  a local 
church,  and  we  further  urge  the  faithful  performance  of  all  the 
duties  of  membership  in  that  church. 

(d)  We  recognize  that  in  order  to  reach  the  entire  university  and 
especially  the  non-Christians  and  indifferent  Christians,  and  in  order 
to  cooperate  more  effectively  with  those  Christian  communions  not 
included  in  the  organized  local  work  among  students,  it  is  essential  that 
the  denominations  work  together  through  some  interdenominational 
movement.  In  the  light  of  history  and  experience,  it  is  recognized  that 
the  Young  Men’s  and  Young  Women’s  Christian  Associations  consti- 
tute this  interdenominational  movement. 

(e)  We  recognize  the  religious  work  in  the  university  as  the  com- 
mon task  of  the  churches  and  the  Associations,  but  there  is  no  clear 
division  of  interests.  We  recommend,  therefore,  that  while  some 
functions  may  be  more  particularly  those  of  the  churches  and  others 
of  the  Associations,  each  should  feel  its  responsibility  for  cooperation 
in  the  work  of  the  others. 

(f)  We  recognize  that  in  carrying  out  this  common  task  for  the 
entire  university,  the  best  results  can  never  be  secured  by  a federation 
of  individual  plans  worked  out  independently  by  the  respective  church 
and  Association  agencies.  We  recommend,  therefore,  that  a united 
and  thorough  study  be  made  of  the  needs  of  the  entire  university  and 
that  in  any  particular  activity,  Bible  study  or  social  service  for  example, 
the  Christian  forces  work  out  together  a unified  program,  planned  with 
reference  to  the  entire  university. 

(g)  We  recognize  in  the  organization  both  of  the  churches’  and 
Associations’  work,  that  student  initiative  and  control,  both  in  forming 
and  in  carrying  out  plans,  should  be  encouraged  and  utilized. 

(h)  We  recognize  that  neither  the  Associations  nor  the  churches 
can  render  their  full  service  without  effective  student  workers.  We, 
therefore,  recommend  that  there  be  frank  consultation  between  these 
agencies  to  ensure  that  the  local  student  forces  are  distributed  for 
the  most  effective  manning  of  all  work. 

(i)  We  recognize  that  the  Associations  shall  have  the  right  of 
initiative,  and  that  they  shall  be  held  responsible  for  carrying  out  the 
joint  plans  of  the  churches  as  far  as  practicable;  but  they  should  be 
so  constituted  that  the  churches  cooperate  in  forming  their  policies. 
(See  Findings  of  First  Cleveland  Conference  on  page  41). 


39 


(j)  We  recognize  that  there  must  be  the  fullest  opportunity  for 
the  expression  of  initiative  by  the  churches ; but  that  in  all  such  plans 
the  ultimate  test  should  be  not  only  its  effectiveness  to  the  individual 
churches,  but  also  its  relation  to  and  its  effect  upon  the  cooperative 
plans. 

(k)  We  recognize  that  there  can  be  no  assurance  of  effective  co- 
operation without  regular,  thorough,  and  timely  consultation  upon  the 
part  of  all  the  Christian  workers  concerned. 

(1)  We  recommend  that  any  agency  initiating  religious  work  at 
the  university  make  special  effort  to  secure  the  support  and  coopera- 
tion of  all  agencies  concerned  with  the  religious  life  of  the  university. 

(m)  We  recognize  the  very  great  importance  of  using  as  secretaries 
and  pastors,  and  as  members  of  advisory  and  consulting  boards,  only 
such  men  and  women  as  have  both  the  willingness  and  the  ability  to 
work  cooperatively. 

(n)  We  recognize  that  in  enterprises  which  concern  both  the 
churches  and  the  Associations  effective  cooperation  can  be  obtained 
only  when  each  organization  is  willing  to  favor  movements  of  obvious 
good  to  the  whole,  even  though  unable  for  any  reason  to  give  the 
same  individual  support. 

(o)  We  recognize  as  supplementary  to  the  coordination  of  the 
agencies  at  the  university  center  the  great  advantage  which  would 
accrue  from  consultation  and  conference  between  representatives  of 
the  national  student  and  church  agencies  regarding  the  work  that  is 
being  planned  for  university  centers. 

In  February,  1919,  a meeting  was  held  of  the  Committee 
of  Reference  of  the  so-called  Cleveland  Conferences.  At  this 
meeting  there  was  a frank  discussion  of  the  situation  in  cer- 
tain outstanding  state  universities,  and  the  dangers  of  the  As- 
sociation and  the  churches  duplicating  each  others  work  and 
in  certain  cases  leaving  sections  of  the  universities  unoccupied. 
After  full  discussion,  the  following  memorandum  was  drawn 
up  as  the  opinion  of  that  meeting.  It  will  be  remembered 
that  the  Committee  of  Reference  was  created  by  the  first 
Cleveland  Conference  for  the  purpose  of  studying  the  vari- 
ous problems  involved  and  continued  by  the  Second  Confer- 
ence. Matters  requiring  executive  action  are  referred  to  the 
constituent  bodies.  Another  conference  has  not  yet  been  held, 
so  that  this  memorandum  has  not  been  reviewed  and  acted  upon. 

I.  The  general  Advisory  Board  of  the  Christian  forces  of  the  uni- 
versity should  be  organized  in  accordance  with  the  Findings  of  the 
First  Cleveland  Conference : 

“On  the  supervisory  or  advisory  bodies  of  the  Association, 


40 


both  local  and  national,  should  be,  so  far  as  is  consistent  with 
efficiency,  representatives  of  the  various  Christian  commu- 
nions, which  representatives  shall  be  nominated  by  the  Asso- 
ciation’s supervisory  or  advisory  board  concerned,  approved 
by  the  proper  ecclesiastical  authority  of  the  Christian  com- 
munions concerned,  and  in  case  of  local  Associations,  elected 
by  the  Associations.” 

In  universities  where  there  are  both  Young  Men’s  and  Young  Wo- 
men’s Christian  Associations,  it  should  be  composed  of  the  Advisory 
Boards  of  both  Associations.  It  is  recommended  that  the  students 
themselves  have  representation  on  this  General  Advisory  Board. 

II.  The  employed  staff  should  be  composed  of  the  general  secretaries 
of  the  two  Associations  and  such  other  secretaries  as  may  be  needed 
to  meet  the  religious  needs  of  the  whole  university,  all  to  be  elected 
by  the  General  Advisory  Board,  with  the  approval  of  the  cabinets  of 
the  two  Associations.*  (All  these  secretaries  are  to  be  nominated 
by  the  Association  to  which  they  are  directly  related,  referred  to  the 
general  Advisory  Board  for  approval,  and  elected  by  the  Association.) 
It  is  assumed  that  all  student  secretaries  will  be  selected  with  the 
approval  of  the  cabinet  of  the  Association  concerned  and  in  case  of 
denominational  representatives  serving  on  the  staff,  shall  be  jointly 
selected  by  the  Advisory  Board  and  the  Board  of  Education  of  the 
denomination  or  with  other  proper  denominational  authority.  Where 
practicable,  all  of  the  secretaries  should  be  paid  through  the  common 
local  treasury.  Local  ministers  doing  student  work  as  representatives 
of  their  denominations  should  be  ex-officio  members  of  the  staff.  In 
choosing  all  these  workers,  special  attention  should  be  given  to  the 
principle,  enunciated  in  point  13  of  the  Report  of  Commission  I 
of  the  Second  Cleveland  Conference : 

“We  recognize  the  very  great  importance  of  using  as  secre- 
taries and  pastors,  and  as  members  of  advisory  and  consulting 
boards,  only  such  men  as  have  both  the  willingness  and  the 
ability  to  work  cooperatively/’ 

III.  The  staff  of  secretaries  should  function  as  a unit  on  the  college 
campus.  There  should  be  a General  Executive  Secretary  who  acts 
as  chief  of  staff.  Their  responsibility  relates  to  the  work  of  both 
men  and  women.  (While  recognizing  that  each  Christian  Association 
is  autonomous,  the  responsibility  of  all  secretaries  relates  to  the  work 
of  both  men  and  women.)  Policies  should  be  worked  out  by  the 
entire  staff  working  together/in  fullest  cooperation  with  the  Associa- 
tion cabinets. 

IV.  Wherever  students  are  organized  into  denominational  groups  or 
societies,  these  separate  groups  should  so  far  as  is  practicable  be  rep- 
resented on  the  Association  cabinets. 


♦The  sentences  in  parentheses  are  suggested  revisions  by  Student 
Secretaries. 


41 


This  matter  has  already  been  brought  to  the  attention  of 
certain  universities  where  all  the  religious  leaders  are  anxious 
to  find  the  best  possible  basis  of  cooperative  action.  It  comes 
as  a suggestion  to  local  boards  and  as  such  has  been  welcomed. 
At  a recent  meeting  of  the  Sub-Committee  on  Student  work 
of  the  International  Committee,  this  memorandum  was  con- 
sidered and  the  following  resolution  was  adopted: 

The  Student  Department  Committee  approves  of  the  memo- 
randum as  a working  basis  of  cooperation  between  the  Chris- 
tian forces  in  those  universities  where  the  field  is  ready  for 
such  united  action,  with  the  understanding  that  nothing  in  it  is 
to  be  interpreted  as  limiting  the  autonomy  of  any  of  the 
cooperating  Christian  agencies. 

The  representatives  of  the  Student  Y.  M.  C.  A.  on  the 
Committee  of  Reference  are  Dr.  John  R.  Mott,  W.  H.  Tinker, 
and  David  R.  Porter,  the  latter  being  made  a member  at  the 
last  meeting  of  the  Committee,  when  it  was  voted  to  enlarge 
its  membership  by  the  inclusion  of  three  representatives  from 
each  of  the  Movements.  It  will  be  recalled  that  the  other 
agencies  included  in  the  Committee  of  Reference  besides  the 
Association  are  the  Young  Women’s  Christian  Association, 
the  Council  of  Church  Boards  of  Education,  and  the  Con- 
ference of  Church  Workers  in  State  Universities. 

b.  The  Interchurch  World  Movement.  Reference  has  al- 
ready been  made  in  this  report  to  the  work  of  the  Interchurch 
World  Movement.  It  comes  in  touch  with  the  Student  field 
chiefly  through  its  Life-Work  Department  and  the  survey 
which  is  now  being  conducted.  Representatives  of  the  De- 
partment have  been  in  close  and  friendly  fellowship  with  the 
representatives  of  this  Movement  and  it  is  hoped  that  our  or- 
ganizations in  the  colleges  and  universities  may  be  put  at  the 
disposal,  even  more  effectively,  of  the  churches. 

c.  The  Home  Missions  Council.  The  Secretary  of  the  De- 
partment for  Work  in  Indian  Schools,  G.  E.  E.  Lindquist,  is  a 
member  of  a Sub-Committee  of  this  Council  to  make  a study 
of  the  needs  of  Indian  schools  and  to  formulate  a policy  to 
meet  these  needs.  Mr.  Lindquist  is  also  giving  considerable 
time  to  the  direction  of  the  survey  of  the  Interchurch  World 
Movement  of  the  entire  Indian  field. 


42 


d.  Foreign  Missions  Boards.  The  Student  Movement  has 
always  had  a close  relationship  with  the  Foreign  Mission 
Boards  on  account  of  its  emphasis  on  missionary  education 
and,  in  cooperation  with  the  Student  Volunteer  Movement,  on 
securing  missionary  recruits.  During  the  past  three  years 
1204  volunteers  have  sailed.  This  connection  has  been  unusu- 
ally close  during  the  past  three  years,  because  of  the  pro- 
gram of  missionary  education  and  of  missionary  giving  which 
grew  out  of  the  Student  Volunteer  Conference  at  Northfield 
in  January,  1917.  Several  pieces  of  printed  matter  were  is- 
sued jointly  to  further  that  campaign  and  secretaries  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  country  cooperated  heartily  with  the  plans 
of  the  different  boards  to  secure  missionary  gifts  from  denomi- 
national colleges.  It  is  hoped  that  this  campaign  can  go  on 
to  even  greater  successes  in  the  years  that  are  ahead. 

It  is  encouraging  to  note  that,  in  spite  of  the  large  sums 
raised  in  the  colleges  for  war  services,  he  gifts  from  the  col- 
leges from  missionary  contributions  have  been  as  large  as 
ever.  During  the  past  year  $266,213.06  were  contributed  for 
these  missionary  causes. 

e.  The  Sunday  School  Council  of  Evangelical  Denomina- 
tions. The  plan  worked  out  several  years  ago  of  cooperating 
with  this  Council  in  the  production  and  promotion  of  stuay 
courses  in  Sunday  schools  which  are  attended  by  college  stu- 
dents has  been  continued.  The  recent  courses  include  “Faiths 
of  Mankind,”  “The  Social  Principles  of  Jesus,”  and  “Chris- 
tianizing Community  Life.” 

Relations  with  the  General  Association 
Movement 

As  we  study  the  history  of  the  past  decade,  it  is  gratifying 
to  seen  an  increasing  amount  of  unreserved  cooperation  with 
other  departments.  We  should  remind  ourselves  more  fre- 
quently of  the  great  opportunity  in  the  interchange  of  secre- 
taries. We  can  point  to  Mott,  Colton,  Brockman,  Carter, 
Hurrey,  and  many  others  given  to  the  general  Movement,  and 
in  this  way  we  may  have  taken  too  literally  the  scriptural  in- 
junction, “It  is  more  blessed  to  give  than  to  receive.”  We 


43 


should  be  glad,  therefore,  that  there  are  now  evidences  that 
other  departments  are  ready  to  give  back  to  the  Student 
Movement  for  some  of  its  more  important  positions,  men  who 
have  had  experience  in  other  departments.  This  will  have 
to  be  done  much  more,  as  we  need,  for  the  more  important 
positions,  abler  and  more  experienced  men  who  have  at  the 
same  time  the  spirit  of  the  democratic  Association  Movement. 
There  is  every  reason  for  us  to  be  assured  by  the  re- 
cent accession  to  the  Department  of  men  like  Edwards,  Ross, 
Legate,  Roy  John,  Hansen,  Cherrington,  Evans,  Hoffman,  to 
mention  but  a few. 

This  intertwining  of  the  Department  is  further  illustrated 
by  the  Student  Section  of  Association  Men , the  participation 
of  our  students  in  so  many  Association  summer  schools,  the 
way  student  secretaries  quickly  and  effectively  adapted  them- 
selves to  so  many  important  war  work  posts,  and  cooperation 
with  the  Foreign  Department.  We  should  continue  our 
policy  of  strengthening  wherever  necessary  State  Commit- 
tees and,  where  they  exist,  working  entirely  in  accord  with 
them.  We  should  be  grateful  for  every  chance  to  work  with 
the  specializing  secretaries  of  other  departments,  e.g.,  H.  S. 
Elliott,  leader  training ; Irving,  evangelism,  and  Colton,  general 
religious  work.  We  have  a special  spiritual  mandate  to  aid 
in  the  work  of  the  Boys’,  County,  and  Industrial  Departments. 

The  World's  Student  Christian  Federation 

Even  before  America  realized  as  a nation  the  ending  of 
its  days  of  isolation  and  the  necessity  of  its  participation  in 
world  affairs,  the  Student  Christian  Movement  under  the  lead- 
ership of  Dr.  Mott  had  become  a world  movement.  In  this 
world  movement  during  the  past  twenty-five  years  the  Amer- 
ican Movement  has  had  no  inconsiderable  part.  No  one  would 
say,  however,  that  our  influence  and  help  had  been  commensu- 
rate with  our  size  or  our  wealth.  The  fact  that  we  were  so 
long  beyond  reach  of  the  scourge  of  the  War  is  a challenge  to 
an  enlarged  helpfulness.  It  is  easy  to  recognize  a growing 
interest  in  the  Federation  since  the  last  convention  met  at 
Lake  Mohonk  in  1913.  During  the  last  two  years  there  have 


44 


Deen  many  interchanges  of  fellowship  and  visits  within  the 
Federation,  and  our  Movement  in  the  United  States  has 
constantly  profited  thereby.  The  Friendship  Funds  with  the 
fellowship  which  follows  in  their  train  have  opened  many 
doors. 

The  need  of  the  hour  would  seem  to  be  to  bring  the  reality 
of  the  Federation  close  home  to  our  local  Associations.  To 
do  this  we  must 

a.  Make  wider  use  of  literature,  e.g.,  “What  is  the  World’s  Student 
Christian  Federation?”  The  Student  World , and  the  Federation  col- 
umn of  The  Intercollegian.  All  leaders  should  be  subscribers  to  and 
readers  of  the  publications  of  other  movements.  We  should  read  the 
British  Student  Movement , The  Australian  Intercollegian,  and  when- 
ever in  New  York  plan  to  spend  some  unhurried  hours  in  the  Federa- 
tion Library  where  are  accumulated  the  publications  of  all  the  different 
movements. 

b.  Make  far  wider  use  of  the  visits  to  this  country  of  the  repre- 
sentatives of  other  movements.  We  are  fortunate  that  in  not  a few 
countries  the  leaders  of  the  Student  Christian  Movement  are  represen- 
tatives of  our  own  Foreign  Department,  most  of  whom  have  been 
former  leaders  in  our  Student  Movement.  Among  such  visitors  this 
next  year  will  be  Ewald  of  South  America,  Smith  of  India,  Pence 
and  Jacobs  of  Turkey,  Lyon  of  China.  In  this  connection  we  should 
never  cease  to  be  grateful  for  the  close  connection  between  the  Cana- 
dian Associations  and  those  in  the  United  States. 

c.  In  all  our  work  with  foreign  students  help  to  bind  each  other 
to  the  Federation. 

d.  Begin  now  to  plan  for  an  observance  in  every  college  of  the 
Universal  Day  of  Prayer  for  Students  (February  29th). 

e.  Hold  meetings  for  discussion  and  prayer;  e.g.,  The  Federations  as 
a Student  League  of  Nations. 


Council  of  North  American  Student 
Movements 

The  importance  of  continuing  our  hearty  fellowship  with 
this  Council  is  indicated  by  the  following  statement  by  Dr.  Mott 
concerning  its  objects. 

a.  To  acquaint  the  leaders  of  the  different  Student  Move- 
ments with  the  new  plans  and  policies  of  their  respective 
movements. 

b.  To  afford  opportunities  for  them  to  study  and  to  discuss 
together  their  common  field  and  problems. 


45 


c.  To  help  devise  and  recommend  plans  by  which  the  differ- 
ent Student  Movements  may  cooperate  more  closely  and  help- 
fully in  all  matters  of  common  interest  and  concern. 

d.  To  enable  the  Student  Movements  of  North  America  to 
bring  to  bear  more  fully  and  effectively  their  varied  contribu- 
tion in  the  World’s  Student  Christian  Federation,  and  to  bring 
to  the  North  American  Student  Movements  the  contribution 
which  the  other  Student  Movements  of  the  world  have  to  make 
to  them. 

e.  While  having  no  executive  functions,  the  proposed  Coun- 
cil would  take  action  regarding  any  matter  committed  to  it  by 
all  the  Movements  on  their  behalf. 

This  Council  is  made  up  of  members  of  committees  as  well 
as  secretaries,  constituted  as  follows : 

Three  representatives  of  the  Student  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Associations  of  the  United  States. 

Three  representatives  of  the  Student  Young  Womens  Chris- 
tian Associations  of  the  United  States. 

Two  representatives  of  the  Young  Women’s  Christian  As- 
sociations of  Canada. 

Two  from  the  Young  Men’s  Christian  Association  of  Can- 
ada. 

Three  representatives  of  the  Student  Volunteer  Movement. 

The  secretaries  of  the  International  Committee  and  the 
National  Board  who  are  related  to  Foreign  Student  Work. 

FINANCIAL  SUPPORT 

The  work  of  the  Student  Department  is  supported  almost 
entirely  by  the  gifts  of  students  and  other  friends  who  have 
this  work  at  heart.  The  budget  of  1918  may  be  taken  as  typi- 
cal of  the  expense  in  carrying  on  the  work  of  the  Department, 
although  the  help  given  by  the  War  Work  Council  in  financing 
the  work  during  the  period  of  the  S.A.T.C.  reduced  the  total 


considerably. 

Secretaries’  Salaries $28,425.74 

Traveling  expenses 8,265.62 

Stenographers  and  Clerks 6,224.52 

Printing  and  Cultivation 2,009.81 

Postage  1,248.93 

Telephone  and  Telegraph 1,521.61 


46 


Office  Equipment 203.01 

Office  Supplies  and  Stationery 542.48 

Special  Agents  2,871.42 

Magazine  738.92 

Sex  Education  Lectures 768.17 

Shipping  Expense 121.71 

Special  Conferences 2,992.^9 

Bible  Study  and  Evangelistic  Promotion..  558.22 


Total $56,492.75 

It  may  be  interesting  to  know  the  sources  of  the  money 
which  was  received  to  make  possible  this  budget: 

Interest  $1,639.63 

Subscriptions  of  Conference  delegates 7,585.31 

Subscriptions  of  other  friends 41,543.51 

Subscriptions  of  college  Associations 2,743.66 

Miscellaneous  (Literature,  etc.) 2,980.64 


Total  $56,492.75 


A most  encouraging  proof  of  the  desire  of  students  to 
stand  behind  the  Department  in  carrying  the  responsibility  for 
national  leadership  and  supervision  entrusted  to  it  was  the 
generous  amount  subscribed  by  the  delegates  at  the  last  series 
of  Summer  Conferences,  the  total  amount  of  which  was  twice 
as  much  as  had  ever  before  been  contributed.  Such  support 
will  make  possible  new  and,  we  trust,  more  helpful  lines  of 
service  to  the  local  Associations. 

The  Staff  of  the  International  Committee 

Several  changes  have  been  made  in  the  staff  assignments. 
The  Eastern  Field  is  now  divided,  New  England  being  cov- 
ered by  Clarence  P.  Shedd,  and  the  Middle  Atlantic  States 
by  Wellington  H.  Tinker.  W.  D.  Weatherford  has  resigned 
after  a remarkable  period  of  seventeen  years’  leadership  of 
work  in  the  South  to  become  President  of  the  Southern  College 


47 


of  the  Y.M.C.A.  The  Central  West  is  covered  by  A.  J.  Elliott; 
the  Southwest  by  A.  R.  Elliott;  the  Coast  by  Gale  Seaman; 
the  Rocky  Mountain  States  by  B.  M.  Cherrington,  who  suc- 
ceeds H.  L.  Heinzman.  S.  S.  Day  is  secretary  for  Theologi- 
cal Seminaries;  G.  E.  E.  Lindquist  for  Indian  Schools;  Earl 
H.  Kelsey  for  Office  Administration;  David  R.  Porter  is 
Executive  Secretary. 

The  work  in  Canada  is  now  directed  by  the  Can- 
adian National  Council,  for  which  Ernest  H.  Clarke  is 
Student  Secretary,  with  A.  C.  S.  Trivett  and  L.  S.  Albright 
as  associates  for  the  Northwest  and  Maritime  Provinces  re- 
spectively. The  work  in  Negro  Schools  and  Colleges  is  under 
the  Colored  Men’s  Department,  with  which  the  Student  De- 
partment is  glad  to  cooperate.  The  secretaries  for  Negro 
Colleges  are  C.  H.  Tobias,  W.  C.  Craver,  and  Max 
Yergan. 

The  Student  Department,  in  common  with  other  Depart- 
ments of  the  International  Committee,  is  more  and  more  fol- 
lowing the  policy  of  utilizing  wherever  possible  the  specializ- 
ing bureaus.  In  this  way  the  secretaries  of  the  Religious  Work 
Bureau,  for  example,  are  available  for  special  help  to  the 
Student  Department  in  formulating  policies  or  carrying  them 
out  in  the  field.  While  this  removes  from  the  staff  certain 
specializing  secretaries,  it  undoubtedly  works  for  a stronger 
and  more  unified  movement  as  a whole. 

The  Committee 

The  Sub-Committee  of  the  International  Committee  for 
Student  Work  is  as  follows: 

Burke  Baker,  William  Birks,  Marion  LeRoy  Burton,  Philip 
Gray,  Thomas  Nicholson,  W.  Douglas  Mackenzie,  C.  W. 
McAlpin,  W.  D.  Murray,  A.  E.  Stearns,  J.  Ross  Stevenson, 
Roger  H.  Williams,  Chairman,  with  the  following  associate 
members : 

Charles  S.  Campbell,  Allan  Herrick,  Henry  W.  Hobson, 
G.  F.  Kay,  M.  S.  Hodgson,  Robert  H.  Gardiner,  Charles  W. 
Gilkey,  Frank  W.  Padelford,  George  W.  Perkins,  Jr.,  L.  R. 


48 


Wheeler,  and  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Counsel  and 
one  member  of  that  Committee  from  each  field. 

There  are  three  associate  members  for  theological  work: 
Rev.  Clarence  A.  Barbour,  D.D.,  Rev.  J.  A.  Singmaster,  D.D., 
Rev.  H,  H.  Bell,  D.D. 

A plan  is  being  worked  out  by  which  all  the  regular  and 
associate  members  of  the  Committee  within  each  field  are 
grouped  into  a Field  Council 

The  Treasurer  of  the  International  Committee  is  B.  II. 
Fancher. 


Additional  copies  of  the  Report  may  be  secured  for  ten  cents  each 
from  Student  Department,  International  Committee  of  Young  Men's 
Christian  Associations,  347  Madison  Ave.,  New  York  City. 


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statistics  published  since  1912. 


Resolutions  of  the  Student  Section 

DETROIT,  NOVEMBER  1919 

I.  We  commend  most  highly  the  report  of  the  Student  Depart- 
mental Committee  for  the  years  1916-1919  and  congratulate  its 
members  upon  the  progress  recorded.  We  believe  it  to  be  a 
matter  worthy  of  special  commendation  that  the  Student  Depart- 
ment has  dealt  so  well  with  extraordinary  emergencies  during  the 
past  three  years.  We  recommend  for  careful  consideration  the 
broad  outlook  as  to  the  future  work  of  the  Department  and  urge 
that  every  support  and  encouragement  be  given  to  the  plans  sug- 
gested. We  ask  that  the  report  be  given  the  best  possible  presenta- 
tion to  local  Associations  by  returning  delegates. 

II.  Whereas  there  is  tremendous  social  and  industrial  unrest 
throughout  the  country  and  the  world,  and 

Whereas  the  college  student  of  today  must  tomorrow  actively 
assist  in  the  solution  of  these  problems  and  in  the  establishment 
of  social  justice  and  industrial  peace: 

Be  it  resolved  that  we  commend  the  action  of  the  Student 
Department  of  the  International  Committee  in  presenting  the  mes- 
sage of  social  justice  and  industrial  service  before  student  confer- 
ences and  upon  student  campuses,  and 

Be  it  further  resolved  that  we  urge  the  continued  and  fuller 
presentation  of  the  just  claims  of  all  the  parties  to  industry — 
labor,  capital,  and  the  public,  by  addresses,  conferences,  exhibits, 
literature  and  other  means  and  more  especially  by  enlisting  stu- 
dents in  various  forms  of  social  and  industrial  service  both  before 
and  after  graduation,  and 

Be  it  further  resolved  that  we  express  our  firm  belief  that  the 
application  of  the  principles  of  Christ  in  industrial  relations  will 
solve  all  the  present  and  future  problems  in  that  field. 

III.  That  whereas  the  work  of  the  Association  in  professional 
and  technological  schools  is  of  prime  importance  to  the  Christian 
leadership  of  the  country,  and  its  growth  has  not  kept  pace  with 
that  in  the  general  Student  field,  be  it  resolved  that  the  Interna- 
tional Committee,  State  Committees,  and  Metropolitan  organiza- 
tions be  requested  tb  give  this  matter  special  consideration,  and 
after  due  investigation  that  the  necessary  secretaries  be  appointed 
to  develop  this  work  among  professional  and  technical  students. 

IV.  Whereas  we  frankly  give  our  allegiance  to  Jesus  Christ  as 


51 


Saviour  and  Lord  and  Leader  in  our  own  efforts,  and  inasmuch 
as  the  Brotherhood  from  its  foundation  has  been  carried  on  by 
numbers  of  praying  men,  who  have  laid  hold  of  the  spiritual  re- 
sources of  God  in  prayer,  this  body  recommend,  in  view  of  the 
materialistic  spirit  of  the  times,  racial  feeling,  radical  misunder- 
standing regarding  the  Association  work  and  ideals,  and  the  recon- 
struction processes  now  at  work,  that  all  Student  Associations  give 
themselves  to  a renewed  spirit  of  prayer  in  staff  and  committee 
meetings,  retreats,  and  in  other  groups. 

V.  Whereas  the  recent  World  War  has  proven  the  interdepen- 
dence of  all  peoples  and  has  brought  forth  the  need  of  a better 
understanding  of  Christian  ideals  and  exercise  of  Christian  con- 
duct, this  body  recommend  that  all  local  Associations  make  con- 
tributions for  Christian  work  in  other  lands,  and  that  wherever  practi- 
cable, and  then  only  after  a thorough-going  conference  with  the 
different  boards  concerned  in  the  territory  under  consideration,  that 
each  college  or  university,  or  a combination  of  the  same,  undertake 
the  support  of  a special  Christian  institution  abroad. 

VI.  That  it  is  the  sense  of  this  body  that  the  recruiting  cam- 
paign of  the  Interchurch  World  Movement  should  have  the  active 
support  of  the  Student  Section  of  the  Association  and  the  fullest 
possible  cooperation  of  the  local  Student  Associations  and  that  we 
would  recommend  to  the  Interchurch  World  Movement  that  atten- 
tion be  given  to  the  securing  of  adequate  leadership  for  this  cam- 
paign in  the  larger  institutions. 

VII.  Whereas  a large  measure  of  additional  work  is  involved 
in  the  Life  Work  Recruiting  Campaign;  and 

Whereas  a new  standard  of  supervision  and  extension  service 
was  enjoyed  and  demonstrated  under  the  S.  A.  T.  C. ; and 

Whereas  the  present  year  is  most  critical  in  that  it  is  the  last 
year  that  there  will  be  in  our  institutions  students  who  know  pre- 
war standards  and  traditions ; 

Be  it  resolved  that  we  request  the  International  and  State 
Committees  to  greatly  increase  their  Student  staffs. 

VIII.  Whereas  the  Association  from  its  beginnings  has  been 
closely  bound  in  fellowship  with  the  Church  of  Christ,  we  the 
Student  Section  do  hereby  approve  all  measures  taken  by  the 
Convention  for  the  furthering  of  helpful  relations  between  the  churches 
and  the  Association. 

IX.  That  we  earnestly  reemphasize  the  principle  expressed  in 
resolution  33  of  the  1916  Cleveland  Convention,  namely  the  demo- 
cratic participation  of  representatives  of  local  Student  Associations 
in  formulating  the  policies  of  International  Student  Association 
work; 

2.  That  in  accordance  with  section  2 of  the  above  resolution  33 
we  urgently  request  this  Convention  to  authorize  the  continuance 


52 


of  the  plan  of  having  students  and  student  leaders  as  the  repre- 
sentatives of  local  Associations  give  counsel  to  the  Student  Depart- 
ment of  the  International  Committee. 

3.  That  we  commend  the  plan  already  adopted  by  several  State 
Committees  of  providing  for  committees  elected  by  the  Student 
Associations  of  the  state  to  give  counsel  from  time  to  time  to  their 
student  sub- committees,  and  we  suggest  that,  just  so  far  as  prac- 
ticable from  the  standpoint  of  the  local  Student  Association  and 
the  organized  State  Committees,  this  practice  of  providing  for  the 
direct  and  advisory  participation  of  the  Student  Associations  in 
shaping  the  policies  of  the  student  work  of  the  state  be  extended. 


Subsequently  the  following  resolutions  were  submitted  by  the 
Committee  of  Findings  and  passed  by  the  Convention: 

First,  that  we  commend  the  plan  already  adopted  by  several 
state  committees  of  providing  for  committees  elected  by  the  Stu- 
dent Associations  of  the  state,  to  give  counsel  from  time  to  time 
to  their  student  subcommittees,  and  we  suggest  that  so  far  as 
practicable  from  the  standpoint  of  the  local  Student  Association 
and  the  organized  state  committees,  this  practice  of  providing  for 
the  direct  and  advisory  participation  of  the  Student  Associations 
in  shaping  the  policies  of  the  Student  work  of  the  state  be  extended. 

Second,  the  last  International  Convention  ordered  the  continu- 
ance of  a committee  similar  to  the  Committee  of  Counsel,  and 
Whereas,  the  Student  Section  itself  is  not  agreed  as  to  the  best 
procedure  at  this  time,  therefore,  acting  on  the  vote  of  the  Student 
Section, 

Be  it  resolved,  that  this  Convention  authorize  the  continuance 
of  the  Committee  of  Counsel  until  such  time  as  a thorough  study 
can  be  made  by  a committee  appointed  by  the  Student  Section  of 
the  Detroit  Convention. 


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